_Saint ARNULF _____________+
| (0582 - 0640)
_Duke Ansgise, Mayor of The PALACE _|_Dodo of SAXONY ___________
| (0602 - 0685) (0581 - ....)
_Pippin II, Duke of FRANCE ____________________|
| (0635 - 0714) |
| | _Pippin I _________________
| | | (.... - 0639)
| |_Bega of BRABANT ___________________|_Itta _____________________
| (0613 - 0694) (0592 - 0652)
_Charles Martel, King of FRANKS _|
| (0698 - 0741) |
| | ___________________________
| | |
| | ____________________________________|___________________________
| | |
| |_Alpaide (or Aupais) of FRANCE ________________|
| (0654 - 0705) |
| | ___________________________
| | |
| |____________________________________|___________________________
|
|
|--Carloman
| (0715 - 0754)
| _Bodilon DE TREVES ________
| |
| _Guerin DE POITIERS ________________|_Sigrada of SOISSONS ______
| | (.... - 0678)
| _Leutwinus (St. Liévin), Archbishop of TREVES _|
| | (.... - 0713) |
| | | _Clodoule, Bishop of METZ _+
| | | |
| | |_Kunza DE METZ _____________________|___________________________
| |
|_Rotrou of TREVES _______________|
|
| ___________________________
| |
| ____________________________________|___________________________
| |
|_______________________________________________|
|
| ___________________________
| |
|____________________________________|___________________________
[1497] Mayor of the Palace under Merovingian kings following his father's death; administered the eastern part of the Frankish kingdom, and retired to a monastery he founded on Monte Soracte, but then moved to a monastery on Monte Casino. He probably m. a dau. of Alard, brother of Garnier, ancestor of the Margraves of Spoleto. See the genealogical chart at http://www.friesian.com/francia.htm#caroling.
__________________________
|
___________________________________|__________________________
|
_George (Jr) ARNOLD _|
| (.... - 1823) m 1780|
| | __________________________
| | |
| |___________________________________|__________________________
|
_Johannes ("John") ARNOLD _|
| (1797 - 1865) |
| | __________________________
| | |
| | _George Michael BREINER ___________|__________________________
| | |
| |_Catherine BREINER __|
| (.... - 1836) m 1780|
| | _Mathias (Lei, Ley?) LOY _
| | | (1706 - 1783)
| |_Catharina Magdalena (Ley or) LOY _|_Anna Maria DAY __________
| (1742 - 1806) (1711 - 1786)
|
|--William ARNOLD
| (1832 - 1894)
| __________________________
| |
| ___________________________________|__________________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __________________________
| | | |
| | |___________________________________|__________________________
| |
|_Susan ("Susie") GUTSHALL _|
(1809 - 1887) |
| __________________________
| |
| ___________________________________|__________________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __________________________
| |
|___________________________________|__________________________
[10473] "Richland Shield and Banner" obituary 7 Jul 1894 , Richland Co., OH: "William Arnold was born August 5, 1832, and died June 29, 1894, aged 61 years, 10 months and 24 days. The deceased was born on a farm east of Ganges, Richland Co. He was married to Miss Mary Bucher, April 14, 1858, who departed this life February 4, 1890. Twelve children were born to them, of whom five sons and two daughters survive him, and they were present when he died. January 21, 1891, he was married again to Mrs. Nancy Miller. His health had been failing for some time, under the effects of a paralytic stroke and lung trouble. He was confined to his bed for about five weeks. In his sickness he had every attention and care that a wife, friends and physicians could give. The deceased was esteemed; he was a good citizen, and for a number of years was township trustee and school director, and held the confidence and respect of his neighbors and acquaintances. He resided on his Jackson Township farm since April, 1853. His memory is cherished by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. The funeral services took place on Sunday morning and were held at Ganges, and was one of the largest attended for many years, as very many were unable to find seats. Rev. Elias A. Best, pastor of the Lutheran church, delivered the funeral discourse, basing his remarks on the words: 'But he knoweth the way, when he hath tried me; I shall come forth as gold.' The remains of the deceased were conveyed to their last resting place in the beautiful cemetery near the church."
_Ernst II, Margrave of NORDGAU _+
| (.... - 0881)
_Leopold ("Liutpold") Margrave, CARINTHIA _|________________________________
| (.... - 0907)
_Arnulph I, Duke of BAVARIA _|
| (0885 - 0937) |
| | _Berthold IIIof FRIULI _________+
| | | (0842 - 0910)
| |_Cunigunda of SWABIA ______________________|________________________________
| (0867 - ....)
_Leopold LIUTPOLD "The Illustrious" of Austria_|
| (.... - 0994) |
| | ________________________________
| | |
| | _Rudolph of WÜRZBURG ______________________|________________________________
| | | (.... - 0908)
| |_Gerberga of WÜRZBURG _______|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | |
| |___________________________________________|________________________________
|
|
|--Adalbert, Margrave of AUSTRIA
| (.... - 1055)
| ________________________________
| |
| ___________________________________________|________________________________
| |
| _____________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________
| | | |
| | |___________________________________________|________________________________
| |
|_Richeza, Countess of SUALAFELD _______________|
|
| ________________________________
| |
| ___________________________________________|________________________________
| |
|_____________________________|
|
| ________________________________
| |
|___________________________________________|________________________________
In 2007 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUSTRIA.htm offers: "Adalbert ([990/994]-26 May 1055, bur Stift Melk). The primary sources are contradictory regarding the parentage of Markgraf Adalbert. The 'Auctarium Vindobonense' names 'Adalbertus tertius marchio Austria', but does not specify his relationship with his predecessor. The 'Altahense Annales' record the sudden death in 1018 of 'Heinricus marchio Austria' and specify that he was succeeded by 'Adalbertus filius eius'. However, the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines name 'Ernesto duci Suevorum, fratri Alberti superioris Pannonis marchionis et archiepiscopi Treverensis Popponis'. As shown above, Thietmar records both Ernst Duke of Swabia and Poppo Archbishop of Trier as sons of Markgraf Luitpold. The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death 'VII Kal Jun' of 'Adalbertus marchio filius Heinrici marchionis', apparently confirming the parentage set out in the 'Atahense Annales'. On the other hand, the necrology of Melk records the death 'XVI Kal Mar' of 'Poppo archieps Treverensis fr Heinrici marchionis'. On balance, more primary sources indicate that Adalbert was the son of Markgraf Luitpold rather than of Markgraf Heinrich. His estimated birth date range is based on the birth date range estimated for his older son, with the death of Markgraf Luitpold in 994 representing the later limit of this range on the assumption that Adalbert was his son. Just to confuse the question of Adalbert's parentage even further, it should be noted that this range would not be inconsistent with Adalbert having been the son of Markgraf Heinrich. Graf im Schweinach 1010. Graf im Künzig 1011. He succeeded his brother in 1018 as Adalbert 'der Siegreiche' Markgraf der Ostmark [of Austria]. The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death 'VII Kal Jun' of 'Adalpreht marchio'. The necrology of Melk records the death 'VII Kal Jun' of 'Adalbertus marchio'.
"- m firstly (before [1020/25]) --- (-before 1041). Markgraf Adalbert's first marriage is deduced from the estimated birth date range of his older son Liutpold. The identity of this first wife of Markgraf Adalbert is unknown. She has been identified as Glismod, daughter of Immed Graf in Utrecht & his wife Adela [von Hamaland]. This is presumably based on the Annales Stadenses which name 'Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis' as husband of 'Ida [de Elsthorpe]'. 'Lippoldo' has assumed to be Luitpold Margraf der Ungarischen Mark, son of Markgraf Adalbert, but this appears to be impossible if Ida von Elstorf had four children by her first husband. The only definite information concerning Glismod's husband is found in the 'Vita Meinwerci' which names 'Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam' as children of Immed and Athela and specifies that Glismod married 'nobilis principis in Baioaria'. Another possibility is that her name was Adelheid. The necrology of Melk records the death 'VII Kal Feb' of 'Adalheida marchionissa ux Adalberti marchionis Austrie'. At first sight, 'Adalberti' has assumed to be an error for 'Ernesti' as the latter's wife is the only known 'marchionissa' of that name. However, the entry may alternatively refer to the otherwise unknown first wife of Markgraf Adalbert. The necrology of Kloster Neuburg also records the death 'VII Kal Feb' of 'Adelheidis marchionissa' but does not name her husband.
" - m secondly (shortly before 1041) Froizza [Frowila] Orseolo, daughter of Pietro Ottone Orseolo Doge of Venice & his wife [Grimelda or Maria] of Hungary ([1015]-17 Feb 1071, bur Melk). 'Herimannus' refers to 'sororis suĉ [=Peterum regem]' as wife of 'marchionem nostrum Adalbertum' when recording her marriage in 1041. She is named in three imperial charters, although these are not consistent about the spelling of her name. 'HeinricusRomanorum imperator augustus' granted property 'in circuitu duorum fluminum . . . Zaiouua' to 'marchioni Adalberto et coniugi suĉ (Froiza)' by charter dated 21 Apr 1048. 'Heinricus . . . Romanorum imperator augustus' granted property to 'Adelberti marchionis [et] uxorique sue Froize' dated 12 Nov 1051. 'Heinricus . . . rex' granted property 'in locis Ortvvinesdorf et Pirchehe . . . in marcha Osterriche et in comitatu Ernestes marchionis' to 'Frovvilĉ Adeberti marhchionis viduĉ' by charter dated 1 Oct 1058. The necrology of Melk records the death 'XIII Kal Mar' of 'Frouza marchionissa'. The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death 'XIII Kal Mar' of 'Fruoza marchionissa'."
[3243] Burke's "Dormant Peerages" (London,1883): "This Hervey paying a fine of 300 marks to the crown, had livery of his wife's inheritance, but in order to raise that sum he was obliged to sell the lordship of Drayton to the canons of St. Thomas, near Stafford." Hervey succeeded to the Stafford fief in 1194. http://84.1911encyclopedia.org/S/ST/STAFFORD_FAMILY_.htm offers: with "Robert's son the male line became extinct, and his sister's husband, Hervey Bagot, one of his knightly tenants, succeeded to the fief in her right (1194): their descendant Edmund de Stafford (that surname having been assumed) was summoned as a baron in 1299. His son, Ralph, a warrior like his father, attained fame in the French wars. He conducted the brilliant defence of Aiguillon against the host of France, fought at Crecy and in the siege of Calais. Chosen. a Knight of the Garter at the foundation of the order, he was further created earl of Stafford in 1351."
_Jean de Brienne, King of JERUSALEM _+
| (1168 - 1237) m 1223
_Jean DE BRIENNE ______|_Berengaria of LÉON _________________
| (1225 - 1296) m 1251 (.... - 1237)
_Louis DE BRIENNE ___|
| |
| | _Geoffrey IV DE CHATEAUDUN __________+
| | |
| |_Jeanne DE CHATEAUDUN _|_Clemence DE ROCHES _________________
| m 1251
_Henry Beaumont, Earl of BUCHAN _|
| (.... - 1340) |
| | _Richard I DE BEAUMONT ______________+
| | |
| | _Raoul VI DE BEAUMONT _|_Lucie DE L'AIGLE ___________________
| | | (.... - 1235)
| |_Agnes DE BEAUMONT __|
| |
| | _____________________________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________________________
|
|
|--John BEAUMONT
| (.... - 1342)
| _William COMYN ______________________+
| | (1163 - 1233)
| _Alexander COMYN ______|_Margaret COLHAN ____________________
| | (.... - 1290)
| _Alexander COMYN ____|
| | |
| | | _Roger DE QUINCY ____________________+
| | | | (.... - 1264)
| | |_Elizabeth DE QUINCY __|_Lady Elena of GALLOWAY _____________
| |
|_Alice COMYN ____________________|
|
| _____________________________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________________________
| |
|_Joan LE LATIMER ____|
|
| _____________________________________
| |
|_______________________|_____________________________________
_____________________________________
|
_________________________________________________|_____________________________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________________________________|_____________________________________
|
_William DE LUVETOT ________|
| (1155 - 1181) |
| | _____________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________________________|_____________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________________________________|_____________________________________
|
|
|--Maud DE LUVETOT
| (.... - 1250)
| _Richard (Lord) Fitz GILBERT ________+
| | (.... - 1090)
| _Robert Fitz Richard DE CLARE ___________________|_Rohese GIFFARD _____________________
| | (.... - 1136) (1034 - ....)
| _Walter Fitz ROBERT _|
| | (.... - 1198) |
| | | _Simon de ST. LIZ ___________________
| | | |
| | |_Maud ST. LIZ ___________________________________|_Maud of NORTHUMBERLAND _____________
| | (.... - 1140) (1072 - 1131)
|_Maud Fitz Walter DE CLARE _|
(.... - 1196) |
| _Humphrey II "The Great" DE BOHUN ___+
| | (1087 - 1129)
| _Humphrey III DE BOHUN __________________________|_Maud (Matilda) D'EVREAUX ___________
| | (1109 - 1187) (.... - 1142)
|_Maud DE BOHUN ______|
|
| _Miles ("of Gloucester") FITZWALTER _+
| | (1097 - 1143) m 1121
|_Margaret "of Hereford & Gloucester" FITZWALTER _|_Sibyl DE NEUFMARCHÉ ________________
(.... - 1146)
[15361] Maud was heir of Sheffield, Yorkshire and Worksop, Nottinghamshire.
[832] Nathaniel was a bookkeeper, then schoolmaster. Resided at Portsmouth, NH and then York, ME. Dead by October, 1727. {A John Freeman, Sr., baptised 28 Jan 1627 at Bellinghurst, Sussex, England, came to Mass. and d. 28 Feb 1719 at Eastham, Barnstable Co.; an Edmund Freeman, apparently his father, was baptised 25 July 1595/6 at St. Mary Church, Pyllborough, Sussex, and died 1 Nov 1682 at Sandwich, Mass. - we do not know if Nathanial relates to them.} Banks' "History of York" states that Nathaniel "was probably son of Ralph Freeman of Dedham who had been living in Boston immediately before his coming to York. The occasion of his coming was probably his marriage to Alice, daughter of John Penwell of York...." This Ralph Freeman was b. cir. 1630 in England and d. 25 May 1718 in Attleborough, MA, r. Dedham, m. Katherine Lions - known children: David, Jonathan (b. Jan., 1653 at Dedham), Mary (b. 5 Oct 1654), Ralph (b. 2 Apr 1662 at Dedham, m. Sarah Day) and Martha.
___________________________________
|
_________________________|___________________________________
|
________________________|
| |
| | ___________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________|___________________________________
|
_Edward HULL ________|
| (1833 - 1902) m 1856|
| | ___________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________|___________________________________
| | |
| |________________________|
| |
| | ___________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________|___________________________________
|
|
|--Clara Mae HULL
| (1875 - 1933)
| ___________________________________
| |
| _________________________|___________________________________
| |
| _John WORMLEY __________|
| | (1784 - 1873) |
| | | ___________________________________
| | | |
| | |_________________________|___________________________________
| |
|_Catharine WORMLEY __|
(1828 - 1906) m 1856|
| _George Michael BREINER ___________
| |
| _John Frederick BREINER _|_Catharina Magdalena (Ley or) LOY _
| | (1762 - 1824) (1742 - 1806)
|_Mary Catharine BRINER _|
(1787 - 1871) |
| ___________________________________
| |
|_________________________|___________________________________
_Berthold I, Count of ANDECH __+
| (.... - 1150)
_Berthold II, Count of ANDECH __|_Sophia of WEIMAR _____________
| (.... - 1188) (.... - 1156)
_Berthold III, Duke of MERAN _|
| (.... - 1188) |
| | _Egbert II, Count of FORMBACH _+
| | | (.... - 1140)
| |_Cunigunda of FORMBACH _________|_Wilberg of STYRIA ____________
| (.... - 1176) (.... - 1144)
_Berthold IV, Duke of MERAN _|
| (.... - 1204) |
| | _Conrad I, Duke of DALMATIA ___+
| | | (.... - 1130)
| | _Conrad II, Duke of DALMATIA ___|_______________________________
| | | (.... - 1168)
| |_Hedwig of SAXONY ____________|
| |
| | _Frederick of PUTELENBERG _____+
| | | (.... - 1085) m 1081
| |_Agnes of PUTELENBERG __________|_Adelheid of STADE ____________
| (.... - 1123)
|
|--Gertrude of MERAN
| (1185 - 1213)
| _Thimo I, Count of WETTIN _____+
| | (.... - 1104)
| _Conrad I, Count of WETTIN _____|_Ita of NORTHEIM ______________
| | (1098 - 1157) m 1120
| _Dedo, Count of ROCHLITZ _____|
| | (.... - 1190) m 1165 |
| | | _______________________________
| | | |
| | |_Luitgarde of RAVENSTEIN _______|_______________________________
| | (.... - 1146) m 1120
|_Agnes of ROCHLITZ __________|
(1163 - 1195) |
| _Goswin I, Count of HEINSBURG _+
| | (.... - 1070)
| _Goswin II, Count of HEINSBURG _|_Oda of WALBECK _______________
| | (.... - 1170) (.... - 1152)
|_Matilda of HEINSBURG ________|
(1138 - 1189) m 1165 |
| _Frédéric of SOMMERSCHENBOURG _
| | (.... - 1121)
|_Adelheid of SOMMERSCHENBOURG __|_Adélaïde of LAUFFEN __________
[9962] This person is presumed living.
[11840] This person is presumed living.
______________________________
|
_____________________|______________________________
|
________________________|
| |
| | ______________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|______________________________
|
_Maurice J. ORR _____|
| (1877 - 1951) m 1903|
| | ______________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|______________________________
| | |
| |________________________|
| |
| | ______________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|______________________________
|
|
|--Dale ORR
|
| _Isaac PAULLIN _______________+
| | (1787 - 1882)
| _William D. PAULLIN _|_Elizabeth ("Ann E.") HEPLER _
| | (1808 - 1881) m 1831 (1791 - 1861)
| _William Henry PAULLIN _|
| | (1847 - 1936) m 1874 |
| | | _Thomas NEWELL _______________+
| | | | (1783 - 1858) m 1808
| | |_Mary NEWELL ________|_Harriet D. FLAHARTY _________
| | (1811 - 1867) m 1831 (1789 - 1846)
|_Luella C. PAULLIN __|
(1874 - 1951) m 1903|
| ______________________________
| |
| _____________________|______________________________
| |
|_Esther Matilda CLINE __|
(1854 - 1934) m 1874 |
| ______________________________
| |
|_____________________|______________________________
__
|
_Mathias GHERARDINI _|__
|
_Otterus of TUSCANY _|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
_Otho Geraldino, Baron of WINDSOR _|
| |
| | __
| | |
| | _____________________|__
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
|
|--Walter Fitz OTHO
|
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |_____________________|__
| |
|___________________________________|
|
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __
| |
|_____________________|__
Walter was a Domesday Tenant of lands in Berks, Bucks, Middlesex, Harts and Surrey, and Keeper of the Great Forest (per Collins, "Royal Ancestors...," p. 103). "A Guide to Irish Roots," William & Mary Durning (La Mesa, CA: Irish Family Names Society), p. II-115, gives his wife as Gladys, daughter of Rhillallon ap Cynvyn. Gladys ancestry is shown in the unverified site http://cappyzeb.freeyellow.com/ancestors/pages/white/Gladys.html in 2003.
www.geraldini.it/new/fitzgerald_uk_1.asp offered in 2005:
"In Domesday Walter FitzOther appears as a tenant-in-chief in a compact block of counties, Berks., Bucks., Middlesex, Surrey and Hants. He also held Winchfield in Hampshire under Chertsey Abbey. At first sight there is not much to connect him with Windsor or its forest, but investigation reveals the facts that at Windsor itself he held on the royal manor 1 3/4 hides and some woodland; that at Kintbury, another Berkshire manor, he held half a hide 'which King Edward had given to his predecessor' out of the royal demesne for the custody of the forest; that of the great royal manor of Woking in Surrey Walter held three-quarters of a hide, which King Edward had similarly given 'out of the manor to a certain forester,' and that in or near Kingston-on-Thames he had given land to a man whom he had 'entrusted the keeping of the king's brood mares'.
"These hints prepare us for the evidence to which we are about to come to that he held ' a wood called Bagshot' at the time of the Survey (though Domesday does not say so), and that he and his heirs had the keeping of the great forest of Windsor. He was also, we shall find, castellan of Windsor, while in his private capacity as a tenant-in-chief he held a barony reckoned at fifteen or twenty knights' fees and owing fifteen knights as castle guard to Windsor.
"Our next glimpse of him, after Domesday, is afforded by the Abingdon Cartulary, which records in a most interesting entry that Walter FitzOther, castellan of Windsor, restored to Abbot Faricius the woods of 'Virdele' and Bagshot, which he had held by consent of the abbot's predecessors, Aethelem and Rainald. It adds that he made this restoration in the first place at Windsor Castle, and that he afterwards sent his wife Beatrice with his son William to Abingdon that they might confirm what he himself had done 'at home'.
"From this entry we learn that Walter was living after 1100, for Abbot Faritius ruled the house 1100-16. We also learn that his wife's name was Beatrice,(9) and that his home was at Windsor Castle. Lastly we may see, I think, an allusion to the loss, for the time, of these woods in the Domesday entry of the abbey's manor of Winkfield ('Wenesfelle'), which mentions that '4 hides are in the king's forest' (fo. 59). In other words, Walter, I suspect, had added them to Windsor Forest as its custodian; and if he did this, as alleged, in the time of Abbot Aethelem (who died in 1084), they would be included in the king's forest at the time of the Domesday Survey (1086). Walter was succeeded by his son William, of whom we have already heard as accompanying his mother to Abingdon.
"A very interesting writ shows him in charge of Windsor Forest at a date not later than 1116.(10) This writ notifies to William FitzWalter, Croc the huntsman, Richard the serjeant, and all the officers of the forest of Windsor, that the king has granted to Abingdon Abbey the tithe of all venison(11)...The invaluable Pipe Roll of 1130 shows us William FitzWalter in charge of Windsor Forest in that and the preceding year....We again meet with William FitzWalter in that charter of the Empress Maud to Geoffrey de Mandeville which I assign to 1142,(12) She grants therein to Geoffrey that William may have his hereditary constableship of Windsor Castle and lands.
"William was succeeded by a son of the same name, to whom King Henry II., by a charter granted at Windsor 1154-64 confirmed the lands of his father. This charter, which proves the pedigree, is known to me only from Harleian Roll, P. 8, a pedigree of the Windsor family and of their Irish kinsmen, the FitzGeralds, which although compiled at a bad time (1582) is of quite exceptional value. The charter of which I speak confirms to William of Windsor all the land of his father, William Fitz Walter, and of his grandfather, Walter FitzOther. This William is constantly mentioned in the Pipe Rolls of Henry II. as among those who supervised building operations at Windsor Castle."
See "Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans," Carl Boyer III (Santa Clarita, CA, 2001), pp. 88-89.
__
|
_____________________|__
|
_Peter STAPLES ______|
| (1648 - 1718) m 1673|
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
_Peter STAPLES ______|
| (1673 - 1721) m 1696|
| | __
| | |
| | _Robert BEEDLE ______|__
| | |
| |_Elizabeth BEEDLE ___|
| m 1673 |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
|
|--Anne STAPLES
| (1706 - ....)
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |_____________________|__
| |
|_Mary LANG __________|
(1678 - 1721) m 1696|
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __
| |
|_____________________|__
[8277] Anne m. 25 Oct 1726 at Kittery, ME Stephen Tobey.