__ | __|__ | _Randolphus DE ARUNDEL _| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | _Renfred ARUNDELL ___| | (1180 - 1280) | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | |________________________| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | _Ralph ARUNDELL _____| | (1208 - 1275) m 1231| | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | | ________________________| | | | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | | |__|__ | | | | |_____________________| | | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | |________________________| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | | |--Joan ARUNDEL | (.... - 1274) | __ | | | __|__ | | | ________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | | _____________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | __|__ | | | | | | |________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | |_Eva DE RUPE ________| m 1231 | | __ | | | __|__ | | | ________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | |_____________________| | | __ | | | __|__ | | |________________________| | | __ | | |__|__
[22577] The LDS Church's IGI file contains many references to her marriage to William, but some differ as to the date - for example, CD #5 - Pin #740055 gives the year as about 1277 and in Bodrugan, Cornwall.
[56589]
[S2]
LDS Church's Ancestral File - not verified.
_David BOYDSTON _____+ | (1710 - ....) m 1737 _James BOYLSTON _____|_Mahala SNOW ________ | (1738 - 1814) m 1758 (1718 - ....) _John B. BOYDSTUN ___| | (1766 - 1820) m 1795| | | _Samuel PRUITT ______+ | | | (1700 - 1760) m 1720 | |_Mary PRUITT ________|_Elizabeth HAWKER ___ | (1742 - 1809) m 1758 (1701 - 1795) _John Gardner BOYDSTUN ________| | (1805 - 1847) m 1826 | | | _____________________ | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | |_Nancy Ann GARDNER __| | (1775 - 1854) m 1795| | | _____________________ | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | _John Riley BOYDSTON ______| | (1834 - 1886) m 1867 | | | _____________________ | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | | _Thomas ATTERBERRY __| | | | (1770 - 1836) | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | | | |_Elizabeth "Betsy" ATTERBERRY _| | (1808 - 1837) m 1826 | | | _____________________ | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | |_Susannah CLEMONS ___| | (1783 - ....) | | | _____________________ | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | |--Charles R. BOYDSTON | (1876 - 1947) | _____________________ | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | _____________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | | _______________________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | |_Lucinda "Lucy" A. WILSON _| m 1867 | | _____________________ | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | _____________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | |_______________________________| | | _____________________ | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | |_____________________| | | _____________________ | | |_____________________|_____________________
[23323] The marriage of Charles R. Boydstun was in Dallas County, Texas, Marriage Book P, p. 235. His information is from the unverified Boydstun/Golia Family Tree in Ancestry.com in 2014 - his birth date is from the 12 Sept 1918 draft registration of a Charles Reily [sic] Boydstun in Wichita Falls, Wichita Co., TX which states he is 41 years old and lists his wife as Virginia Mary Boydstun and states he is a molder at the Wichita Falls Sash and Door Co. - is this the man who is son John Riley Boydston (note different spelling of surname and of Riley)?
_John BRADSTREET ____+ | (1748 - 1833) m 1770 _Nathaniel BRADSTREET _|_Judith HALE ________ | (.... - 1859) m 1805 (1735 - 1787) _Joseph C. BRADSTREET _| | (1806 - 1885) | | | _____________________ | | | | |_Sarah PARKHURST ______|_____________________ | (1784 - 1861) m 1805 _Gustavus A. BRADSTREET _| | (1830 - 1904) | | | _____________________ | | | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | | | |_Lavina S. CARR _______| | (1810 - 1847) | | | _____________________ | | | | |_______________________|_____________________ | _Joseph Henry BRADSTREET _| | (1875 - 1945) | | | _____________________ | | | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | | | | _______________________| | | | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | | | |_______________________|_____________________ | | | | |_Annie E. SIMONSON ______| | (1839 - ....) | | | _____________________ | | | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | | | |_______________________| | | | | _____________________ | | | | |_______________________|_____________________ | | |--Vernon Michael ("Rusty") BRADSTREET | (1906 - 1983) | _____________________ | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | | _______________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_______________________|_____________________ | | | _________________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | | | | | |_______________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_______________________|_____________________ | | |_Iva May BROWN ___________| (1887 - 1930) | | _____________________ | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | | _______________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_______________________|_____________________ | | |_________________________| | | _____________________ | | | _______________________|_____________________ | | |_______________________| | | _____________________ | | |_______________________|_____________________
[32627] George is supposed to be son of George Burkhouse (b. ca. 1798) and wife Lydia (b. ca. 1800, d. ca. 1880).
_Mathew COFFIN ______+ | (1756 - 1830) m 1780 _Richard COFFIN _____|_Jane WASS __________ | (1783 - 1871) m 1805 (1761 - 1853) _John W. COFFIN ____| | (1818 - 1889) m 1845| | | _____________________ | | | | |_Hannah WHITTEN _____|_____________________ | (1783 - 1842) m 1805 _Reuben Dyer COFFIN _________| | (1868 - 1935) m 1910 | | | _Mathew COFFIN ______+ | | | (1756 - 1830) m 1780 | | _Elisha COFFIN ______|_Jane WASS __________ | | | (1784 - 1871) m 1808 (1761 - 1853) | |_Mercy Jane COFFIN __| | (1826 - ....) m 1845| | | _____________________ | | | | |_Rebecca DRISCO _____|_____________________ | (1786 - 1851) m 1808 _Alson Dyer COFFIN ____| | (1919 - 1975) m 1940 | | | _____________________ | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | | _____________________| | | | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | | | |_Mary Elizabeth FITZPATRICK _| | (1887 - 1975) m 1910 | | | _____________________ | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | |_____________________| | | | | _____________________ | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | |--Joseph ("Joe") Anthony COFFIN | (1951 - 2021) | _____________________ | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | _____________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | | _____________________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | |_Sadie Angela SANBORN _| (1921 - 1973) m 1940 | | _____________________ | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | | _____________________| | | | | | | _____________________ | | | | | | |_____________________|_____________________ | | |_____________________________| | | _____________________ | | | _____________________|_____________________ | | |_____________________| | | _____________________ | | |_____________________|_____________________
[49848] "Bangor Daily News [Bangor, Maine], 8 January 2022": "Orrington - Joseph 'Joe' Anthony Coffin, 70, passed away unexpectedly on Christmas Eve, Dec. 24, 2021, at his home in Orrington. He was born September 2, 1951, the son of Alson and Sadie Coffin. Joe was from Milford and attended Old Town High School. After school, he enlisted in the Air Force and then later the Army, where he retired as a 1st Sargent. After retiring from the military, Joe joined the City of Brewer Public Works and then moved to Parks and Rec, where he retired after 20+ years. During retirement, you could find him riding around with his beloved dog, Buddy, and helping friends and strangers alike. Over the last few years, he delivered food and supplies to the communities of the less fortunate. He was predeceased by his parents; brothers, Steven, Terry (Sam), and Alson (Butch); sisters, Alice, Linda, and Debra; and grandson, Harry (Joey). Joe leaves behind wife, Betty; son, William and his wife, Lisa; son, Joey and girlfriend, Pauline; grandsons, Nicholas and Alexzander; granddaughters, Abigail and Chelsea; great-granddaughters, Freya and Emma; brother, Craig and his wife, Della; sister, Verle and her husband, Frank. Joe has touched so many lives over the last 70 years he surely was loved and will be missed by many."
[50855] Clara is daughter of Amaziah Fickett (1819-1905) & Celestina Rumery (b. in 1830; m. 14 December 1848 in Lubec, Washington Co., ME).
_Michael HEICHEL __________________ | (.... - 1854) m 1819 _Joseph HEICHEL ______|_Katharine ALBERT _________________ | (1819 - 1889) m 1843 (1797 - 1870) _Francis Marion HEICHEL ____| | (1847 - 1912) m 1894 | | | _George Washington Waters BASFORD _+ | | | (1800 - 1871) m 1822 | |_Ann Rebecca BASFORD _|_Anna RIDGELY _____________________ | (1825 - 1910) m 1843 (1803 - 1837) _William Orley HEICHEL __| | (1900 - 1988) m 1921 | | | _John Frederick COLEMAN ___________+ | | | (1792 - 1874) m 1813 | | _Frederick COLEMAN ___|_Rachel STAHL _____________________ | | | (1827 - 1901) m 1863 (1795 - 1874) | |_Rachel (Lucettie) COLEMAN _| | (1866 - 1942) m 1894 | | | ___________________________________ | | | | |_Melissa CARNAHAN ____|___________________________________ | (.... - 1907) m 1863 _William Elmer HEICHEL _| | (1922 - 2004) | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | ______________________|___________________________________ | | | | | _Karl KOENIG _______________| | | | (1854 - 1916) | | | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | | | | |______________________|___________________________________ | | | | |_Pauline Elizabeth KING _| | (1903 - 1950) m 1921 | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | ______________________|___________________________________ | | | | |_Katherine Elizabeth KNELL _| | (1869 - 1939) | | | ___________________________________ | | | | |______________________|___________________________________ | | |--Ryan Christopher HEICHEL | | ___________________________________ | | | ______________________|___________________________________ | | | ____________________________| | | | | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | | |______________________|___________________________________ | | | _________________________| | | | | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | | | ______________________|___________________________________ | | | | | | |____________________________| | | | | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | | |______________________|___________________________________ | | |_Diana Sue WHITINGER ___| | | ___________________________________ | | | ______________________|___________________________________ | | | ____________________________| | | | | | | ___________________________________ | | | | | | |______________________|___________________________________ | | |_________________________| | | ___________________________________ | | | ______________________|___________________________________ | | |____________________________| | | ___________________________________ | | |______________________|___________________________________
[12514] living - details excluded
__ | __|__ | __| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | __| | | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | |__| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | _Johann Jurg MEISER _| | (1680 - 1745) | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | | __| | | | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | | |__|__ | | | | |__| | | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | |__| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | | |--Johann Michael MEISER | (1702 - 1745) | __ | | | __|__ | | | __| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | | __| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | __|__ | | | | | | |__| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | |_____________________| | | __ | | | __|__ | | | __| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | |__| | | __ | | | __|__ | | |__| | | __ | | |__|__
Johann Michael Meiser m. Anna Elizabeth Sixt (possibly surnamed Zecht). They settled in Muhlbach (Millcreek Twp.), in today's Lebanon Co., PA. Dolores Whitaker reports Elizabeth was b. in 1693. "Families of Pennsylvania from 1645 to Present" at http://www.angelfire.com/folk/barnham/pafg42.html identifies him as Johann Michael Meiser and provides his ancestry. Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press offers: "Meiser Name Meaning - occupational name for a fowler, from an agent derivative of Meise 1. topographic name for someone who lived in an area where timber had been felled (see Meiss). habitational name for someone from a place called Mais in Bavaria."
http://www.anthracitemaps.com/wsite.nsf/html/lebhistmillcreek offers: "Mill Creek is the extreme south-eastern township of Lebanon county, and until the year 1844, was included in Jackson and Heidelberg, except about 500 acres which were added to it from Berks co. The Muelbach or Mill Creek, a beautiful stream of considerable size, which flows through from west to east, gave to the township its name. On this stream as early as 1720, the German Baptists, more generally called "Dunkards" had a settlement. Besides the Mill Creek there are several other streams of smaller size. The South Mountain or Conewago Hills are in the southern part of the township. . . . The principal settlers of this township were Hessians, Irish and Germans. The Hessians came from the Reading camp in Berks county, and settled principally among the mountains. The first German settlers came from Schoharie county, New York. Among the early settlers of note, may be mentioned Conrad Weiser, who came here from Philadelphia, accompanied by Wm. Penn, about the year 1719. After making a treaty with the Indians, Weiser started a settlement at Millbach. He afterwards settled near the present town of Womelsdorf, in Berks county, where he was buried. A plain stone slab marks his grave. Walter Newman and his wife Elizabeth came to this township from Ireland, sometime between the years 1741 and 1763, having previously, (about the year 1741,) received a grant of two tracts of land from Wm. Penn. This township was then included in or called Heidelberg township, in Lancaster county. Lice (christian name not given,) settled at Tulpehocken, and worked for Frederick Miller for 9 cents per day. Land at that time sold for one dollar per acre. John Stump, Michael Meiser, John Noll, Michael Zeller, John Moore, Henry Moyer. Nicolas Lechner, John Grove, Christian Seibert, and others came from Schoharie county, N.Y., and settled at Millbach.
Later, Frederick Kopp and several others settled at Newmanstown. In 1704, it is' said that Michael Meiser took up the land now owned and occupied by Geo. Meiser. He, with twelve other families on a journey, encamped at this place over night, and finding a fine spring of pure water, he concluded to settle here, which he did, constructing for himself a hut of bark, in which he resided three years. Among the families that settled here at that time, were the Zellers, Fakes, Stumps, and Beckers. The Moores are said to have settled here two years later. Michael Meiser died at the age of 42 years, leaving his property to his eldest son George and it descended from one generation to another, until now it is owned by one of the fifth generation, Geo. Meiser, who is nearly 7 5 years of age. A strange coincidence connected with this property, is that it has been owned during 4 generations by the eldest sons, and that each ones name was George. The present owner has also a son and grand-son named George. So it is probable that the farm may yet be owned by George the sixth."
[49392] Hannah is said to be daughter of Zebulon Preble (1688-1769) & Hannah Welch (1694-1769; m. 25 August 1713 in York, York Co., ME).
__ | __________________________|__ | __________________________________________| | | | | __ | | | | |__________________________|__ | _Jacob THUMMA _________| | (1785 - ....) m 1806 | | | __ | | | | | __________________________|__ | | | | |__________________________________________| | | | | __ | | | | |__________________________|__ | _Johannes THUMMA ____| | (1810 - 1885) m 1852| | | __ | | | | | __________________________|__ | | | | | __________________________________________| | | | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | | |__________________________|__ | | | | |_Susannah SMITH _______| | (1786 - 1865) m 1806 | | | __ | | | | | __________________________|__ | | | | |__________________________________________| | | | | __ | | | | |__________________________|__ | | |--John William THUMMA | (1857 - 1858) | __ | | | __________________________|__ | | | _George Michael BREINER __________________| | | (.... - 1782) | | | | __ | | | | | | |__________________________|__ | | | _Johann George BRINER _| | | (1773 - 1850) | | | | __ | | | | | | | _Mathias (Lei, Ley?) LOY _|__ | | | | (1706 - 1783) | | |_Catharina Magdalena (Ley or) LOY ________| | | (1742 - 1806) | | | | __ | | | | | | |_Anna Maria DAY __________|__ | | (1711 - 1786) |_Julia Ann BRINER ___| (1825 - 1902) m 1852| | __ | | | _Georg (Hammer) HAMER ____|__ | | | _Johann Georg (Hamer or) HAMMER __________| | | (1755 - 1812) | | | | __ | | | | | | |__________________________|__ | | |_Anna Maria HAMMER ____| (1788 - 1859) | | __ | | | __________________________|__ | | |_Anna Maria, wife of Johann Georg HAMMER _| (1743 - 1830) | | __ | | |__________________________|__
[11836] http://www.thepeerage.com/p10571.htm reports: "Hon. Elizabeth Trevor was the daughter of Thomas Trevor, 2nd Baron Trevor of Bromham and Elizabeth Burrell. She was born before 1717. She married Lt.-Gen. Sir Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, son of Sir Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland and Lady Anne Churchill, on 23 May 1732. She died on 7 October 1761.1 Her will was probated in 1761. She was godmother for Sir George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer at his baptism on 16 October 1758 at Wimbledon, London, England.
________________________________ | ____________________________|________________________________ | _Samuel WITMER _____________| | (1771 - 1829) | | | ________________________________ | | | | |_Sarah Maria SCHUETT _______|________________________________ | (1740 - 1800) _David WITMER _____________| | (1821 - 1904) m 1854 | | | ________________________________ | | | | | ____________________________|________________________________ | | | | |____________________________| | | | | ________________________________ | | | | |____________________________|________________________________ | _George Miller WITMER _| | (1859 - 1922) m 1880 | | | _John Frederick MILLER _________ | | | (1738 - 1821) m 1763 | | _John George MILLER ________|_Eva Maria ALBRIGHT ____________ | | | (1793 - 1836) m 1816 | | _George Deshler MILLER _____| | | | (1808 - 1884) m 1824 | | | | | _David DESHLER _________________+ | | | | | (1734 - 1796) m 1760 | | | |_Magdalena DESHLER _________|_Susanna Elizabeth MUHLENBERG __ | | | (1779 - 1826) m 1816 (1733 - 1796) | |_Sarah H. MILLER __________| | (1834 - 1893) m 1854 | | | ________________________________ | | | | | _George KESSLER ____________|________________________________ | | | (1746 - 1813) | |_Mary Magdalena KESSLER ____| | (1813 - 1861) m 1824 | | | _Christopher BRAUCHER __________ | | | (1729 - 1793) m 1755 | |_Anna Barbara BRAUCHER _____|_Anna Margaretta SCHISSLER _____ | (1761 - 1811) (1732 - 1797) | |--Edith Rose WITMER | (1888 - 1959) | _Heinrich (Henry) MEYER ________ | | | _Christopher MEYER _________|________________________________ | | (.... - 1801) m 1766 | _Christopher MOYER _________| | | (1776 - 1840) | | | | _Alexander SCHAEFFER ___________+ | | | | (1712 - 1786) | | |_Anna Maria SCHAEFFER ______|________________________________ | | (1744 - 1823) m 1766 | _George Christopher MOYER _| | | (1816 - 1900) m 1842 | | | | ________________________________ | | | | | | | ____________________________|________________________________ | | | | | | |_Betty (or Beckie) HOWETER _| | | (1777 - 1862) | | | | ________________________________ | | | | | | |____________________________|________________________________ | | |_Sarah Amelia MOYER ___| (1859 - 1941) m 1880 | | _John Jacob FISHER _____________ | | (.... - 1803) | _John Adam FISHER __________|_Mary Elizabeth FREDERICK ______ | | (1744 - 1825) (1723 - 1795) | _John Michael FISHER _______| | | (1789 - 1820) m 1813 | | | | _John Frederick REID ___________ | | | | (1718 - 1794) | | |_Margaretta Elizabeth REID _|_Maria Angelica Engel KOBEL ____ | | (1752 - 1830) (1722 - 1796) |_Elizabeth (Eliza) FISHER _| (1819 - 1906) m 1842 | | _Andrew (Jr.) MORR _____________+ | | (1727 - 1801) m 1755 | _Philip MORR _______________|_Catherine Elizabeth RENNINGER _ | | (1766 - 1826) m 1787 (1732 - 1799) |_Catherine Elizabeth MORR __| (1793 - 1856) m 1813 | | ________________________________ | | |_Elizabeth GEMBERLING ______|________________________________ (1768 - 1811) m 1787
[21736] "The Selisgrove Times-Tribune, 22 January 1959," p. 2: "Mrs. Edith Rose Witmer Harris, wife of the Rev. Arthur C. Harris, of North Eighth street, died January 14 at her home. Ill for a long time, she had been bedfast since October 26, 1958. She would have observed her 71st birthday Tuesday. Born in Salem, Penn Township, January 20, 1888, she was the daughter ol the late George M. Witmer and Sarah Moyer Witmer. Her father was a merchant and post master in Salem. She attended public schools in Penn township and was graduated from Susquehanna University. Married to the Rev. Mr. Harris June 11, 1913 in the Witmer home, she and the Rev. Mr. Harris went to housekeeping in Hartleton, where the Rev. Mr. Harris served as pastor of the Lutheran Parish for two and one half years. The couple then moved to El Paso, Texas, where they resided for four years during Rev. Mr. Harris pastorate of St. Paul's Lutheran Church. Rev. and Mrs. Harris then moved to Gordon, where Rev. Mr. Harris served as pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church for 30 years, until Rev. Mr. Harris' retirement. The Rev. and Mrs. Harris then located in Selinsgrove. Mrs. Harris was a pianist and taught piano playing. She was a member of Trinity Lutheran Church, Selinsgrove and was associated with the organizations of that church. She was also a member of the Triangle Club and the Women's Auxiliary of Susquehanna University. Surviving are her widower; two sons, Lieutenant Colonel Arthur C. Harris, Jr., of Marion, Alabama; and Ralph W. Harris, of Steubenville, Ohio; a daughter, Mrs. Donald L. Mowry, of Greenville; two sisters, Miss Katherine M. Witmer and Mrs. Jacob H. Kuster, of Selinsgrove; two brothers, Ralph Witmer and Calvin A. Witme, of Selinsgrove; 10 grandchildren."
__ | __|__ | _Christian III of PFALZ-ZWEIBRüCKEN _| | (1674 - 1735) | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | _Friedrich Michael of ZWEIBRüCKEN-BIRKENFELD _| | (1724 - 1767) m 1746 | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | |_Karoline of NASSAU-SAARBRüCKEN _____| | (1704 - 1774) | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | _Maximilian I, King of BAVARIA _| | (1756 - 1825) m 1785 | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | | ______________________________________| | | | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | | |__|__ | | | | |_Maria Franziska of PFALZ-SULZBACH ____________| | (1724 - 1794) m 1746 | | | __ | | | | | __|__ | | | | |______________________________________| | | | | __ | | | | |__|__ | | |--Ludwig August WITTELSBACH | (1796 - 1868) | __ | | | __|__ | | | ______________________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | | _______________________________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | | __|__ | | | | | | |______________________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | |_Auguste of HESSE-DARMSTADT ____| (1765 - 1796) m 1785 | | __ | | | __|__ | | | ______________________________________| | | | | | | __ | | | | | | |__|__ | | |_______________________________________________| | | __ | | | __|__ | | |______________________________________| | | __ | | |__|__
[11234] Ludwig m. before 1811 Theresa of Saxe Hildburghausen (b. 8 July 1792 in Hildburghausen, d. 26 Oct 1854 in Munich). Their son Otto Frederick Louis became King of Greece; his ancestry is presented elsewhere in this database as this line is duplicated.