Leodegar, Bishop of AUTUN

[22847]

CA 615 - 2 OCT 679

Father: Bodilon DE TREVES
Mother: Sigrada of SOISSONS


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 _Bodilon DE TREVES ___|
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|--Leodegar, Bishop of AUTUN 
|  (.... - 0679)
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|_Sigrada of SOISSONS _|
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INDEX

[22847] The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX (Robert Appleton Company, 1910) offers: "St. Leodegar (LEGER) Bishop of Autun, b. about 615; d. a martyr in 678, at Sarcing, Somme. His mother was called Sigrada, and his father Bobilo. His parents being of high rank, his early childhood was passed at the court of Clotaire II. He went later to Poitiers, to study under the guidance of his uncle, the bishop of that town. Having given proof of his learning and virtue, and feeling a liking for the priestly life, his uncle ordained him deacon, and associated him with himself in the government of the diocese. Shortly afterwards he became a priest and with the bishop's approval withdrew to the monastery of St. Maxentius in 650. He was soon elected abbot and signalized himself by reforming the community and introducing the Rule of St. Benedict. In 656 he was called to the court by the widowed Queen Bathildis to assist in the government of the kingdom and in the education of her children. In reward for his services he was named to the Bishopric of Autun in 610. He again undertook the work of reform and held a council at Autun in 661. It dealt a crushing blow to Manichæism and was the first to adopt the Creed of St. Athanasius. He made reforms among the secular clergy and the religious communities, and he impressed on all pastors the importance of preaching and of administering the sacraments, especially baptism. For this purpose the bishop had three baptisteries erected in the town. The church of Saint-Nazaire was enlarged and embellished, and a refuge established for the indigent. Leodegar also caused the public buildings to be repaired and the old Roman walls to be restored. The latter still exist and are among the finest specimens preserved. Serious trouble soon arose in the state. The Austrasians demanded a king and young Childeric II was sent to them through the influence of Ebroin, the mayor of the palace in Neustria. The latter was practically a ruler and desired to get rid of all who thwarted his plans. The queen withdrew from the court to an abbey she had founded at Chelles, near Paris. On the death of Clotaire III, in 670, Ebroin raised Thierry to the throne, but Leodegar and the other bishops supported the claims of his elder brother Childeric, who, by the help of the Austrasians and Burgundians, was eventually made king. Ebroin was exiled to Luxeuil and Thierry sent to St. Denis. Leodegar remained at court, guiding the young king. When the bishop protested against the marriage of Childeric and his first cousin, he also was sent to Luxeuil, his enemies representing him to the king as a conspirator. Childeric II was murdered at Bondi in 673, by a Frank whom he had maltreated. Thierry III now ascended the throne in Neustria, making Leudesius his mayor. Leodegar and Ebroin hastened from Luxeuil to the court. In a short time Ebroin caused Leudesius to be murdered and became mayor. He vowed vengeance on the bishop, whom he looked on as the cause of his imprisonment. About 675 the Duke of Champagne and the Bishops of Chalons and Valence stirred up by Ebroin, attacked Autun. To save the town, Leodegar surrendered to them. He was brutally treated and his eyes put out, the sockets being seared with red-hot irons. Ebroin's bloodthirsty instincts were not yet satiated; he caused the holy bishop's lips to be cut off and his tongue to be torn out. Some years later he persuaded the king that Childeric had been assassinated at the instigation of Leodegar. The bishop was seized again, and, after a mock trial, was degraded and condemned. He was led out into a forest by Ebroin's order and murdered. His testament drawn up at the time of the council as well as the Acts of the council, are preserved. A letter which he caused to be sent to his unit her after his mutilation is likewise extant. His relics, which had been at Sarcing in Artois, were translated to the Abbey of St. Maxentius at Poitiers in 782. Later they were removed to Rennes and thence to Ebreuil, which place took the name of Saint-Leger. Some of them are still kept in the cathedral of Autun and the Grand SÈminaire of Soissons. In 1458 Cardinal Rolin caused his feast day to be observed as a holiday of obligation."

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Hannah CLOUGH

1793 - 11 JUN 1866

Family 1 : Joseph B. FARNHAM

INDEX

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Godeheut DE TOENI

[32841]

CA 1192 - > 1243

Father: Roger de Toeni (IV), Lord of CONCHES
Mother: Constance BEAUMONT


                                                                                                                                                                    _Ralph (III)("de Conches"), Lord of TOENI __+
                                                                                                                                                                   | (.... - 1102)                              
                                                                                                                         _Ralph (IV) ("de Conches") DE TOENI ______|_Isabel DE MONTFORT ________________________
                                                                                                                        | (.... - 1126) m 1103                                                                  
                                                                                _Roger (III) de Toeni, Lord of CONCHES _|
                                                                               | (1104 - 1157)                          |
                                                                               |                                        |                                           _Waltheof II, Earl of NORTHUMBERLAND _______+
                                                                               |                                        |                                          | (1045 - 1076) m 1070                       
                                                                               |                                        |_Adelaide-Judith ("Alice") of HUNTINGDON _|_Judith of LENS ____________________________
                                                                               |                                           m 1103                                    (1054 - ....)                              
                                         _Ralph (V) de Toeni, Lord of CONCHES _|
                                        | (.... - 1162)                        |
                                        |                                      |                                                                                    _Baldwin II, Count of HAINAULT _____________+
                                        |                                      |                                                                                   | (.... - 1098) m 1084                       
                                        |                                      |                                         _Baldwin III, Count of HAINAULT __________|_Ida of LOUVAIN ____________________________
                                        |                                      |                                        | (1088 - 1120) m 1107                       (.... - 1139)                              
                                        |                                      |_Ida (Gertrude) of HAINAULT ____________|
                                        |                                                                               |
                                        |                                                                               |                                           _Gerald I de Wassenberg, Count of GUELDERS _+
                                        |                                                                               |                                          | (1060 - 1131)                              
                                        |                                                                               |_Yolande of GUELDERS _____________________|_Hedwig of HOLLAND _________________________
                                        |                                                                                 (.... - 1122) m 1107                                                                  
 _Roger de Toeni (IV), Lord of CONCHES _|
| (.... - 1209)                         |
|                                       |                                                                                                                           _Roger DE BELLO-MONT _______________________+
|                                       |                                                                                                                          | (.... - 1094)                              
|                                       |                                                                                _Robert (Count of Meulan) DE BEAUMONT ____|_Lady Adelise (or Adeline) DE MEULAN _______
|                                       |                                                                               | (1046 - 1118) m 1096                       (.... - 1081)                              
|                                       |                                       _Robert DE BEAUMONT ____________________|
|                                       |                                      | (1104 - 1168) m 1120                   |
|                                       |                                      |                                        |                                           _Hugh Magnus DE CRéPI _____________________+
|                                       |                                      |                                        |                                          | (1057 - 1102)                              
|                                       |                                      |                                        |_Isabel (aka Elizabeth) DE VERMANDOIS ____|_Adélaïde ("Adele") DE VERMANDOIS ________
|                                       |                                      |                                          (1081 - 1131) m 1096                       (.... - 1120)                              
|                                       |_Margaret BEAUMONT ___________________|
|                                         (1125 - ....)                        |
|                                                                              |                                                                                    _Ralph de Guader (II), Earl of NORFOLK _____+
|                                                                              |                                                                                   | (.... - 1096) m 1075                       
|                                                                              |                                         _Ralph, Seigneur of Gael and MONTFORT ____|_Lady Emma of HEREFORD _____________________
|                                                                              |                                        |                                                                                       
|                                                                              |_Amice de Montfort DE WAER _____________|
|                                                                                 m 1120                                |
|                                                                                                                       |                                           ____________________________________________
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|                                                                                                                       |__________________________________________|____________________________________________
|                                                                                                                                                                                                               
|
|--Godeheut DE TOENI 
|  
|                                                                                                                                                                   ____________________________________________
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|                                                                                                                        __________________________________________|____________________________________________
|                                                                                                                       |                                                                                       
|                                                                               _Roscelin DE BEAUMONT Vicomte de Maine__|
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|                                                                              |                                                                                                                                
|                                        _Richard I DE BEAUMONT _______________|
|                                       |                                      |
|                                       |                                      |                                                                                    _William I, The Conqueror, King of ENGLAND _+
|                                       |                                      |                                                                                   | (1027 - 1087) m 1053                       
|                                       |                                      |                                         _Henry I "Beauclerc", King of ENGLAND ____|_Matilda ("Maud") of FLANDERS ______________
|                                       |                                      |                                        | (1068 - 1135)                              (1032 - 1083)                              
|                                       |                                      |_Constance FITZHENRY ___________________|
|                                       |                                                                               |
|                                       |                                                                               |                                           _Robert (Count of Meulan) DE BEAUMONT ______+
|                                       |                                                                               |                                          | (1046 - 1118) m 1096                       
|                                       |                                                                               |_Isabel ("Elizabeth") DE BEAUMONT ________|_Isabel (aka Elizabeth) DE VERMANDOIS ______
|                                       |                                                                                                                            (1081 - 1131)                              
|_Constance BEAUMONT ___________________|
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                                        |                                      |                                        |__________________________________________|____________________________________________
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                                        |_Lucie DE L'AIGLE ____________________|
                                          (.... - 1217)                        |
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INDEX

[32841] Ray Gurganus at http://www.ourfamtree.org states that Godeheut de Toeni is wife of William St. John, q.v.

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Vida Elane DYER

[44983]

22 AUG 1911 - ____

Family 1 : Manley Ernest BRAGDON

INDEX

[44983] For Vida's ancestry, in 2019 see the unverified tree beginning with file 9KY7-B3Y in FamilySearch. She may be listed as wife of Manley in error - his son;s obituary states his mother was Elizabeth Fickett.

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Debra J. ECKBERG

[4460]

____ - ____

Father: Orville E. ECKBERG
Mother: Wandalene ("Wanda") PAULLINS

Family 1 : Robert SCHNACK
  1.  Kelsey E. SCHNACK

                                                                                                               _____________________
                                                                                                              |                     
                                                                                      ________________________|_____________________
                                                                                     |                                              
                                                           __________________________|
                                                          |                          |
                                                          |                          |                         _____________________
                                                          |                          |                        |                     
                                                          |                          |________________________|_____________________
                                                          |                                                                         
                                 _Olof Lars ECKBERG ______|
                                | (1875 - 1964) m 1905    |
                                |                         |                                                    _____________________
                                |                         |                                                   |                     
                                |                         |                           ________________________|_____________________
                                |                         |                          |                                              
                                |                         |__________________________|
                                |                                                    |
                                |                                                    |                         _____________________
                                |                                                    |                        |                     
                                |                                                    |________________________|_____________________
                                |                                                                                                   
 _Orville E. ECKBERG ___________|
| (1917 - 1981) m 1943          |
|                               |                                                                              _____________________
|                               |                                                                             |                     
|                               |                                                     ________________________|_____________________
|                               |                                                    |                                              
|                               |                          __________________________|
|                               |                         |                          |
|                               |                         |                          |                         _____________________
|                               |                         |                          |                        |                     
|                               |                         |                          |________________________|_____________________
|                               |                         |                                                                         
|                               |_Ida Magdalena ALMSTROM _|
|                                 (1882 - 1966) m 1905    |
|                                                         |                                                    _____________________
|                                                         |                                                   |                     
|                                                         |                           ________________________|_____________________
|                                                         |                          |                                              
|                                                         |__________________________|
|                                                                                    |
|                                                                                    |                         _____________________
|                                                                                    |                        |                     
|                                                                                    |________________________|_____________________
|                                                                                                                                   
|
|--Debra J. ECKBERG 
|  
|                                                                                                              _William D. PAULLIN _+
|                                                                                                             | (1808 - 1881) m 1831
|                                                                                     _Milton N. PAULLIN _____|_Mary E. NEWELL _____
|                                                                                    | (1834 - 1868) m 1861     (1811 - 1867)       
|                                                          _Jesse Thorton PAULLINS __|
|                                                         | (1868 - 1947) m 1890     |
|                                                         |                          |                         _Alexander ROSS _____+
|                                                         |                          |                        | (1805 - 1886) m 1828
|                                                         |                          |_Eveline E. ROSS _______|_Eveline FOWLER _____
|                                                         |                            (1841 - 1916) m 1861     (1810 - ....)       
|                                _George Milton PAULLINS _|
|                               | (1892 - 1959) m 1915    |
|                               |                         |                                                    _____________________
|                               |                         |                                                   |                     
|                               |                         |                           _George M. BEIK ________|_____________________
|                               |                         |                          | (1839 - 1907) m 1890                         
|                               |                         |_Lucy Ann ("Lutie") BEIK _|
|                               |                           (1867 - 1952) m 1890     |
|                               |                                                    |                         _____________________
|                               |                                                    |                        |                     
|                               |                                                    |_Anna Margaret EIERMAN _|_____________________
|                               |                                                      (1846 - 1930) m 1890                         
|_Wandalene ("Wanda") PAULLINS _|
  (1920 - 2010) m 1943          |
                                |                                                                              _____________________
                                |                                                                             |                     
                                |                                                     _Johannes A. SCHAFER ___|_____________________
                                |                                                    | (1840 - 1919) m 1865                         
                                |                          _John Robert SCHAFER _____|
                                |                         | (1874 - 1964)            |
                                |                         |                          |                         _____________________
                                |                         |                          |                        |                     
                                |                         |                          |_Anna Katherine HUCKE __|_____________________
                                |                         |                            (1840 - 1910) m 1865                         
                                |_Orpha Gladys SCHAFER ___|
                                  (1895 - 1974) m 1915    |
                                                          |                                                    _____________________
                                                          |                                                   |                     
                                                          |                           ________________________|_____________________
                                                          |                          |                                              
                                                          |__________________________|
                                                                                     |
                                                                                     |                         _____________________
                                                                                     |                        |                     
                                                                                     |________________________|_____________________
                                                                                                                                    

INDEX

[4460] living - details excluded

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Louis XII, King of FRANCE

[11121]

27 JUN 1462 - 1 JAN 1515

Father: Charles, Duke D'ORLéANS
Mother: Mary of CLEVES

Family 1 : Mary Tudor, Princess of ENGLAND
Family 2 : Anne of BRITTANY
  1. +Claudia of FRANCE
  2.  Renée of FRANCE

                                                                                                                                     _Philip (VI) "of Valois", King Of FRANCE _+
                                                                                                                                    | (1293 - 1350) m 1313                     
                                                                                             _John II ("the Good"), King of FRANCE _|_Jeanne ("Joan") of BURGUNDY _____________
                                                                                            | (1319 - 1364) m 1332                    (1293 - 1349)                            
                                                   _Charles V ("the Wise"), King of FRANCE _|
                                                  | (1337 - 1380) m 1350                    |
                                                  |                                         |                                        _John of Luxemburg, King of BOHEMIA ______+
                                                  |                                         |                                       | (1296 - 1346) m 1310                     
                                                  |                                         |_Bonne of LUXEMBURG ___________________|_Elizabeth of BOHEMIA ____________________
                                                  |                                           (1315 - 1349) m 1332                    (1292 - 1330)                            
                             _Louis of BEAUMONT __|
                            | (1372 - 1407)       |
                            |                     |                                                                                  _Louis (I) "le Boiteux" DE CLERMONT ______+
                            |                     |                                                                                 | (.... - 1342)                            
                            |                     |                                          _Pierre (Peter) I (Duke) DE BOURBON ___|_Marie DE HAINAUT ________________________
                            |                     |                                         | (1311 - 1356) m 1336                    (.... - 1355)                            
                            |                     |_Joan of BOURBON ________________________|
                            |                       (1338 - 1378) m 1350                    |
                            |                                                               |                                        _Charles, Count of VALOIS ________________+
                            |                                                               |                                       | (1270 - 1325) m 1308                     
                            |                                                               |_Isabelle DE VALOIS ___________________|_Matilda of ST. POL ______________________
                            |                                                                 (.... - 1383) m 1336                    (.... - 1358)                            
 _Charles, Duke D'ORLéANS _|
| (1394 - 1465)             |
|                           |                                                                                                        __________________________________________
|                           |                                                                                                       |                                          
|                           |                                                                _______________________________________|__________________________________________
|                           |                                                               |                                                                                  
|                           |                      _Gian Galeazzo VISCONTI _________________|
|                           |                     | (1351 - 1402)                           |
|                           |                     |                                         |                                        __________________________________________
|                           |                     |                                         |                                       |                                          
|                           |                     |                                         |_______________________________________|__________________________________________
|                           |                     |                                                                                                                            
|                           |_Valentina VISCONTI _|
|                             (1371 - 1408)       |
|                                                 |                                                                                  _Philip (VI) "of Valois", King Of FRANCE _+
|                                                 |                                                                                 | (1293 - 1350) m 1313                     
|                                                 |                                          _John II ("the Good"), King of FRANCE _|_Jeanne ("Joan") of BURGUNDY _____________
|                                                 |                                         | (1319 - 1364) m 1332                    (1293 - 1349)                            
|                                                 |_Isabelle of FRANCE _____________________|
|                                                   (1348 - 1372)                           |
|                                                                                           |                                        _John of Luxemburg, King of BOHEMIA ______+
|                                                                                           |                                       | (1296 - 1346) m 1310                     
|                                                                                           |_Bonne of LUXEMBURG ___________________|_Elizabeth of BOHEMIA ____________________
|                                                                                             (1315 - 1349) m 1332                    (1292 - 1330)                            
|
|--Louis XII, King of FRANCE 
|  (1462 - 1515)
|                                                                                                                                    __________________________________________
|                                                                                                                                   |                                          
|                                                                                            _______________________________________|__________________________________________
|                                                                                           |                                                                                  
|                                                  _________________________________________|
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|                                                 |                                         |                                        __________________________________________
|                                                 |                                         |                                       |                                          
|                                                 |                                         |_______________________________________|__________________________________________
|                                                 |                                                                                                                            
|                            _____________________|
|                           |                     |
|                           |                     |                                                                                  __________________________________________
|                           |                     |                                                                                 |                                          
|                           |                     |                                          _______________________________________|__________________________________________
|                           |                     |                                         |                                                                                  
|                           |                     |_________________________________________|
|                           |                                                               |
|                           |                                                               |                                        __________________________________________
|                           |                                                               |                                       |                                          
|                           |                                                               |_______________________________________|__________________________________________
|                           |                                                                                                                                                  
|_Mary of CLEVES ___________|
  (.... - 1486)             |
                            |                                                                                                        __________________________________________
                            |                                                                                                       |                                          
                            |                                                                _______________________________________|__________________________________________
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                            |                      _________________________________________|
                            |                     |                                         |
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                            |                     |                                         |_______________________________________|__________________________________________
                            |                     |                                                                                                                            
                            |_____________________|
                                                  |
                                                  |                                                                                  __________________________________________
                                                  |                                                                                 |                                          
                                                  |                                          _______________________________________|__________________________________________
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                                                  |_________________________________________|
                                                                                            |
                                                                                            |                                        __________________________________________
                                                                                            |                                       |                                          
                                                                                            |_______________________________________|__________________________________________
                                                                                                                                                                               

INDEX

[11121] Louis XII (1462-1515), king of France (1498-1515), son of Charles, duke of Orleans, born in Blois. Louis was imprisoned from 1487 to 1490 for rebellion against King Charles VIII of France. Louis was a popular king, and his financial and judicial reforms and the mildness of his rule earned him the epithet Father of the People. He led several armies in Italy, where he pursued a policy of French aggrandizement from 1499 until a coalition of powers compelled his withdrawal in 1513. He was succeeded by his son-in-law, Francis I.

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Susan Kaye GADERT

[8292]

____ - ____

Father: William (II) GANDERT
Mother: Mary Agnes GARRETT


                                                                                                               _____________________
                                                                                                              |                     
                                                                                        ______________________|_____________________
                                                                                       |                                            
                                                               ________________________|
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                                                              |                        |                      |                     
                                                              |                        |______________________|_____________________
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                         _____________________________________|
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                        |                                     |                                                _____________________
                        |                                     |                                               |                     
                        |                                     |                         ______________________|_____________________
                        |                                     |                        |                                            
                        |                                     |________________________|
                        |                                                              |
                        |                                                              |                       _____________________
                        |                                                              |                      |                     
                        |                                                              |______________________|_____________________
                        |                                                                                                           
 _William (II) GANDERT _|
|                       |
|                       |                                                                                      _____________________
|                       |                                                                                     |                     
|                       |                                                               ______________________|_____________________
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|                       |                                      ________________________|
|                       |                                     |                        |
|                       |                                     |                        |                       _____________________
|                       |                                     |                        |                      |                     
|                       |                                     |                        |______________________|_____________________
|                       |                                     |                                                                     
|                       |_____________________________________|
|                                                             |
|                                                             |                                                _____________________
|                                                             |                                               |                     
|                                                             |                         ______________________|_____________________
|                                                             |                        |                                            
|                                                             |________________________|
|                                                                                      |
|                                                                                      |                       _____________________
|                                                                                      |                      |                     
|                                                                                      |______________________|_____________________
|                                                                                                                                   
|
|--Susan Kaye GADERT 
|  
|                                                                                                              _____________________
|                                                                                                             |                     
|                                                                                       ______________________|_____________________
|                                                                                      |                                            
|                                                              ________________________|
|                                                             |                        |
|                                                             |                        |                       _____________________
|                                                             |                        |                      |                     
|                                                             |                        |______________________|_____________________
|                                                             |                                                                     
|                        _Charles Emmett Allen GARRETT _______|
|                       |  m 1935                             |
|                       |                                     |                                                _____________________
|                       |                                     |                                               |                     
|                       |                                     |                         ______________________|_____________________
|                       |                                     |                        |                                            
|                       |                                     |________________________|
|                       |                                                              |
|                       |                                                              |                       _____________________
|                       |                                                              |                      |                     
|                       |                                                              |______________________|_____________________
|                       |                                                                                                           
|_Mary Agnes GARRETT ___|
                        |
                        |                                                                                      _____________________
                        |                                                                                     |                     
                        |                                                               ______________________|_____________________
                        |                                                              |                                            
                        |                                      _Alfred William GLOVER _|
                        |                                     | (1888 - 1951) m 1918   |
                        |                                     |                        |                       _____________________
                        |                                     |                        |                      |                     
                        |                                     |                        |______________________|_____________________
                        |                                     |                                                                     
                        |_Rosalind ("Roseland") Marie GLOVER _|
                          (1920 - ....) m 1935                |
                                                              |                                                _Thomas TUCKER ______
                                                              |                                               |  m 1875             
                                                              |                         _John William TUCKER _|_Elizabeth BRINER ___
                                                              |                        | (1876 - 1958) m 1900   (1846 - 1884)       
                                                              |_Mary Elizabeth TUCKER _|
                                                                (1901 - 1959) m 1918   |
                                                                                       |                       _____________________
                                                                                       |                      |                     
                                                                                       |_Elma Mary BEATTY ____|_____________________
                                                                                         (1885 - 1948) m 1900                       

INDEX

[8292] living - details excluded

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Mary Ellen GRINDLE

13 JUN 1847 - 2 FEB 1870

Father: Joshua GRINDLE
Mother: Prudence Lear EATON


                                                                                            _John GRINDLE _______+
                                                                                           |                     
                                                                      _John GRINDLE _______|_Sarah LEAVITT ______
                                                                     | (.... - 1794)                             
                                              _Joshua GRINDLE _______|
                                             | (.... - 1819) m 1789  |
                                             |                       |                      _Philip DORR ________
                                             |                       |                     | (1680 - ....) m 1708
                                             |                       |_Elizabeth DORR _____|_Sarah CHILD ________
                                             |                                               (1680 - ....)       
                        _Ichabod GRINDLE ____|
                       | (1773 - 1844) m 1797|
                       |                     |                                              _____________________
                       |                     |                                             |                     
                       |                     |                        _____________________|_____________________
                       |                     |                       |                                           
                       |                     |_Anna LOWELL __________|
                       |                       (1746 - 1819) m 1789  |
                       |                                             |                      _____________________
                       |                                             |                     |                     
                       |                                             |_____________________|_____________________
                       |                                                                                         
 _Joshua GRINDLE ______|
| (1800 - 1887) m 1823 |
|                      |                                                                    _____________________
|                      |                                                                   |                     
|                      |                                              _____________________|_____________________
|                      |                                             |                                           
|                      |                      _Cunningham LYMBURNER _|
|                      |                     | (1753 - ....)         |
|                      |                     |                       |                      _____________________
|                      |                     |                       |                     |                     
|                      |                     |                       |_____________________|_____________________
|                      |                     |                                                                   
|                      |_Mariam LYMBURNER ___|
|                        (1775 - 1826) m 1797|
|                                            |                                              _Joseph STOVER ______+
|                                            |                                             | (1694 - ....)       
|                                            |                        _Nathaniel STOVER ___|_Sarah FREEMAN ______
|                                            |                       | (1724 - 1794) m 1752                      
|                                            |_Elizabeth STOVER _____|
|                                                                    |
|                                                                    |                      _John WEEKS _________+
|                                                                    |                     | (1702 - 1763)       
|                                                                    |_Mary WEEKS _________|_____________________
|                                                                      (1730 - ....) m 1752                      
|
|--Mary Ellen GRINDLE 
|  (1847 - 1870)
|                                                                                           _____________________
|                                                                                          |                     
|                                                                     _____________________|_____________________
|                                                                    |                                           
|                                             _Ebenezer EATON _______|
|                                            | (1756 - 1841)         |
|                                            |                       |                      _____________________
|                                            |                       |                     |                     
|                                            |                       |_____________________|_____________________
|                                            |                                                                   
|                       _Amos EATON _________|
|                      | (1777 - 1855) m 1799|
|                      |                     |                                              _____________________
|                      |                     |                                             |                     
|                      |                     |                        _____________________|_____________________
|                      |                     |                       |                                           
|                      |                     |_Abigail HERRICK ______|
|                      |                       (1759 - 1830)         |
|                      |                                             |                      _____________________
|                      |                                             |                     |                     
|                      |                                             |_____________________|_____________________
|                      |                                                                                         
|_Prudence Lear EATON _|
  (1805 - 1867) m 1823 |
                       |                                                                    _Samuel HERRICK _____+
                       |                                                                   | (.... - 1743) m 1691
                       |                                              _Samuel HERRICK _____|_Sarah LEACH ________
                       |                                             | (1702 - 1764) m 1733  (1673 - 1711)       
                       |                      _Ebenezer HERRICK _____|
                       |                     | (1739 - 1821)         |
                       |                     |                       |                      _Benjamin HASKELL ___+
                       |                     |                       |                     | (1683 - 1762)       
                       |                     |                       |_Prudence HASKELL ___|_Elizabeth ALLEN ____
                       |                     |                         (1713 - 1774) m 1733  (1687 - 1724)       
                       |_Susanna HERRICK ____|
                         (1778 - 1822) m 1799|
                                             |                                              _____________________
                                             |                                             |                     
                                             |                        _____________________|_____________________
                                             |                       |                                           
                                             |_Rebecca STANLEY ______|
                                                                     |
                                                                     |                      _____________________
                                                                     |                     |                     
                                                                     |_____________________|_____________________
                                                                                                                 

INDEX

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Paul Monroe HAWS

[23518]

____ - ____

Father: Paul Monroe ("Rocky") HAWS
Mother: Jewell WEBB


                                                                                                                            _Sampson Gamiliel HAWS ___
                                                                                                                           | (1845 - 1916) m 1865     
                                                                               _Otis Asa Kalton HAWS ______________________|_Mary Elizabeth WALLIS ___
                                                                              | (1880 - 1904) m 1901                         (1846 - 1883)            
                                                       _Otis Asa Kalton HAWS _|
                                                      | (1905 - 1989) m 1927  |
                                                      |                       |                                             _George Thomas TROXELL ___+
                                                      |                       |                                            | (1844 - 1916) m 1870     
                                                      |                       |_Ader TROXELL ______________________________|_Martha A. FRANCIS _______
                                                      |                         (1883 - 1919) m 1901                         (1848 - 1926)            
                               _Otis Paul HAWS _______|
                              | (1928 - 1991) m 1951  |
                              |                       |                                                                     _Charles Eugene BOYDSTON _+
                              |                       |                                                                    | (1860 - 1918) m 1884     
                              |                       |                        _Burley Eugene BOYDSTON ____________________|_M. Eunice JAMES _________
                              |                       |                       | (1885 - 1947) m 1905                         (.... - 1885)            
                              |                       |_Ella Opal BOYDSTON ___|
                              |                         (1910 - 1989) m 1927  |
                              |                                               |                                             _John Henry HARRIS _______+
                              |                                               |                                            | (1852 - 1935)            
                              |                                               |_Mary Frances ("Frankie") Elizabeth HARRIS _|_Martha Frances FRIZZELL _
                              |                                                 (1885 - 1961) m 1905                         (1853 - 1933)            
 _Paul Monroe ("Rocky") HAWS _|
| (1952 - 1999)               |
|                             |                                                                                             __________________________
|                             |                                                                                            |                          
|                             |                                                ____________________________________________|__________________________
|                             |                                               |                                                                       
|                             |                        _______________________|
|                             |                       |                       |
|                             |                       |                       |                                             __________________________
|                             |                       |                       |                                            |                          
|                             |                       |                       |____________________________________________|__________________________
|                             |                       |                                                                                               
|                             |_Bettie Jane HASTINGS _|
|                               (1934 - 2010) m 1951  |
|                                                     |                                                                     __________________________
|                                                     |                                                                    |                          
|                                                     |                        ____________________________________________|__________________________
|                                                     |                       |                                                                       
|                                                     |_______________________|
|                                                                             |
|                                                                             |                                             __________________________
|                                                                             |                                            |                          
|                                                                             |____________________________________________|__________________________
|                                                                                                                                                     
|
|--Paul Monroe HAWS 
|  
|                                                                                                                           __________________________
|                                                                                                                          |                          
|                                                                              ____________________________________________|__________________________
|                                                                             |                                                                       
|                                                      _______________________|
|                                                     |                       |
|                                                     |                       |                                             __________________________
|                                                     |                       |                                            |                          
|                                                     |                       |____________________________________________|__________________________
|                                                     |                                                                                               
|                              _______________________|
|                             |                       |
|                             |                       |                                                                     __________________________
|                             |                       |                                                                    |                          
|                             |                       |                        ____________________________________________|__________________________
|                             |                       |                       |                                                                       
|                             |                       |_______________________|
|                             |                                               |
|                             |                                               |                                             __________________________
|                             |                                               |                                            |                          
|                             |                                               |____________________________________________|__________________________
|                             |                                                                                                                       
|_Jewell WEBB ________________|
                              |
                              |                                                                                             __________________________
                              |                                                                                            |                          
                              |                                                ____________________________________________|__________________________
                              |                                               |                                                                       
                              |                        _______________________|
                              |                       |                       |
                              |                       |                       |                                             __________________________
                              |                       |                       |                                            |                          
                              |                       |                       |____________________________________________|__________________________
                              |                       |                                                                                               
                              |_______________________|
                                                      |
                                                      |                                                                     __________________________
                                                      |                                                                    |                          
                                                      |                        ____________________________________________|__________________________
                                                      |                       |                                                                       
                                                      |_______________________|
                                                                              |
                                                                              |                                             __________________________
                                                                              |                                            |                          
                                                                              |____________________________________________|__________________________
                                                                                                                                                      

INDEX

[23518] living - details excluded

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Jesse HUTCHINGS

13 MAY 1798 - ____

Father: William HUTCHINGS
Mother: Mercy ("Mary?") WARDWELL

Family 1 : Peggy GRINDLE

                                                                                                                _____________________________
                                                                                                               |                             
                                                                                       _Enoch HUTCHINS ________|_____________________________
                                                                                      | (.... - 1698) m 1667                                 
                                                                 _Jonathan HUTCHINS __|
                                                                | (1684 - 1746) m 1720|
                                                                |                     |                         _Thomas STEVENSON ___________
                                                                |                     |                        | (.... - 1663)               
                                                                |                     |_Mary B. STEVENSON _____|_____________________________
                                                                |                       (1651 - ....) m 1667                                 
                             _Charles (The "Patriot") HUTCHINS _|
                            | (1742 - 1834) m 1764              |
                            |                                   |                                               _Nicholas WEEKS _____________
                            |                                   |                                              | (.... - 1720)               
                            |                                   |                      _Joseph WEEKS __________|_Judith (possibly) MENDUM ___
                            |                                   |                     | (1670 - 1741) m 1696                                 
                            |                                   |_Judith WEEKS _______|
                            |                                     (1696 - 1742) m 1720|
                            |                                                         |                         _Richard (Bryer or) BRIAR ___
                            |                                                         |                        |  m 1665                     
                            |                                                         |_Adah Edith BRIAR ______|_Eleanor WRIGHT _____________
                            |                                                           (1666 - 1702) m 1696     (.... - 1672)               
 _William HUTCHINGS ________|
| (1764 - 1866) m 1786      |
|                           |                                                                                   _Jacob PERKINS ______________+
|                           |                                                                                  | (1662 - 1705) m 1684        
|                           |                                                          _Jacob PERKINS _________|_Elizabeth SPARKS ___________
|                           |                                                         | (1685 - 1770) m 1712     (.... - 1692)               
|                           |                                    _Joseph PERKINS _____|
|                           |                                   | (1717 - ....) m 1739|
|                           |                                   |                     |                         _John STOVER ________________+
|                           |                                   |                     |                        | (1653 - ....)               
|                           |                                   |                     |_Lydia STOVER __________|_Abigail (Alcock or) ALCOTT _
|                           |                                   |                       (.... - 1717) m 1712     (.... - 1730)               
|                           |_Mary PERKINS _____________________|
|                             (1745 - 1797) m 1764              |
|                                                               |                                               _Samuel WARDWELL ____________+
|                                                               |                                              | (1643 - 1692) m 1672        
|                                                               |                      _Eliakim WARDWELL ______|_Sarah HOOPER _______________
|                                                               |                     | (1687 - 1753) m 1711     (1650 - 1692)               
|                                                               |_Abigail WARDWELL ___|
|                                                                 (.... - 1760) m 1739|
|                                                                                     |                         _Samuel ( Sr.) BRAGDON ______+
|                                                                                     |                        | (1647 - 1712)               
|                                                                                     |_Ruth BRAGDON __________|_Mary MOULTON _______________
|                                                                                       (1691 - 1760) m 1711     (1652 - 1725)               
|
|--Jesse HUTCHINGS 
|  (1798 - ....)
|                                                                                                               _Thomas WARDWELL ____________+
|                                                                                                              | (1602 - 1646) m 1633        
|                                                                                      _Samuel WARDWELL _______|_Elizabeth WOODROFFE ________
|                                                                                     | (1643 - 1692) m 1672     (.... - 1697)               
|                                                                _Eliakim WARDWELL ___|
|                                                               | (1687 - 1753) m 1711|
|                                                               |                     |                         _William HOOPER _____________
|                                                               |                     |                        | (1602 - 1678)               
|                                                               |                     |_Sarah HOOPER __________|_Elizabeth FLETCHER _________
|                                                               |                       (1650 - 1692) m 1672                                 
|                            _Daniel WARDWELL __________________|
|                           | (1734 - 1803) m 1755              |
|                           |                                   |                                               _Arthur BRAGDON _____________
|                           |                                   |                                              | (.... - 1678)               
|                           |                                   |                      _Samuel ( Sr.) BRAGDON _|_____________________________
|                           |                                   |                     | (1647 - 1712)                                        
|                           |                                   |_Ruth BRAGDON _______|
|                           |                                     (1691 - 1760) m 1711|
|                           |                                                         |                         _Thomas MOULTON _____________+
|                           |                                                         |                        | (1608 - 1684)               
|                           |                                                         |_Mary MOULTON __________|_____________________________
|                           |                                                           (1652 - 1725)                                        
|_Mercy ("Mary?") WARDWELL _|
  (1770 - 1837) m 1786      |
                            |                                                                                   _____________________________
                            |                                                                                  |                             
                            |                                                          ________________________|_____________________________
                            |                                                         |                                                      
                            |                                    _____________________|
                            |                                   |                     |
                            |                                   |                     |                         _____________________________
                            |                                   |                     |                        |                             
                            |                                   |                     |________________________|_____________________________
                            |                                   |                                                                            
                            |_Sarah STAPLES ____________________|
                               m 1755                           |
                                                                |                                               _____________________________
                                                                |                                              |                             
                                                                |                      ________________________|_____________________________
                                                                |                     |                                                      
                                                                |_____________________|
                                                                                      |
                                                                                      |                         _____________________________
                                                                                      |                        |                             
                                                                                      |________________________|_____________________________
                                                                                                                                             

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George M. KEMBEL

[40649]

19 JAN 1864 - 26 JUN 1925

Family 1 :
  1.  Katie S. KEMBEL

INDEX

[40649] Buried with George is his wife, Henrietta (1864 - 1925).

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William MORRISEY

[43882]

1852 - 1930

Family 1 : Catherine A. WALSH
  1. +John Thomas MORRISEY

INDEX

[43882] William is son of Thomas Morrisey (1827-1908) & Mary Sherlock (1828-1904).

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John William (Jr.) POLLINS

[45571]

27 MAY 1900 - 19 NOV 1968

Father: John William POLLINS
Mother: Agnes Viola ELDER

Family 1 : Lydia Jane RAMSEY
  1.  John William (III) POLLINS

                                                                                                _____________________
                                                                                               |                     
                                                                         _Isaac (Sr.) PAULLIN _|_____________________
                                                                        | (.... - 1820)                              
                                                   _William PAULLIN ____|
                                                  |                     |
                                                  |                     |                       _____________________
                                                  |                     |                      |                     
                                                  |                     |______________________|_____________________
                                                  |                                                                  
                         _David Solomon POLLINS __|
                        | (1812 - 1887)           |
                        |                         |                                             _____________________
                        |                         |                                            |                     
                        |                         |                      ______________________|_____________________
                        |                         |                     |                                            
                        |                         |_____________________|
                        |                                               |
                        |                                               |                       _____________________
                        |                                               |                      |                     
                        |                                               |______________________|_____________________
                        |                                                                                            
 _John William POLLINS _|
| (1849 - 1927) m 1898  |
|                       |                                                                       _____________________
|                       |                                                                      |                     
|                       |                                                ______________________|_____________________
|                       |                                               |                                            
|                       |                          _____________________|
|                       |                         |                     |
|                       |                         |                     |                       _____________________
|                       |                         |                     |                      |                     
|                       |                         |                     |______________________|_____________________
|                       |                         |                                                                  
|                       |_Sarah Elizabeth PIPTIT _|
|                         (1815 - 1905)           |
|                                                 |                                             _____________________
|                                                 |                                            |                     
|                                                 |                      ______________________|_____________________
|                                                 |                     |                                            
|                                                 |_____________________|
|                                                                       |
|                                                                       |                       _____________________
|                                                                       |                      |                     
|                                                                       |______________________|_____________________
|                                                                                                                    
|
|--John William (Jr.) POLLINS 
|  (1900 - 1968)
|                                                                                               _David ELDER ________
|                                                                                              | (1710 - 1753)       
|                                                                        _Robert ELDER ________|_Hannah ANDERSON ____
|                                                                       | (1751 - 1837)                              
|                                                  _Thomas ELDER _______|
|                                                 | (1782 - 1855)       |
|                                                 |                     |                       _____________________
|                                                 |                     |                      |                     
|                                                 |                     |_Mary WHITESIDE ______|_____________________
|                                                 |                       (.... - 1823)                              
|                        _John Morrison ELDER ____|
|                       | (1832 - 1907)           |
|                       |                         |                                             _____________________
|                       |                         |                                            |                     
|                       |                         |                      ______________________|_____________________
|                       |                         |                     |                                            
|                       |                         |_Mary MCCONNELL _____|
|                       |                           (1792 - 1881)       |
|                       |                                               |                       _____________________
|                       |                                               |                      |                     
|                       |                                               |______________________|_____________________
|                       |                                                                                            
|_Agnes Viola ELDER ____|
  (1866 - 1934) m 1898  |
                        |                                                                       _____________________
                        |                                                                      |                     
                        |                                                ______________________|_____________________
                        |                                               |                                            
                        |                          _____________________|
                        |                         |                     |
                        |                         |                     |                       _____________________
                        |                         |                     |                      |                     
                        |                         |                     |______________________|_____________________
                        |                         |                                                                  
                        |_Margaret Erskine BROWN _|
                          (1837 - 1871)           |
                                                  |                                             _____________________
                                                  |                                            |                     
                                                  |                      ______________________|_____________________
                                                  |                     |                                            
                                                  |_____________________|
                                                                        |
                                                                        |                       _____________________
                                                                        |                      |                     
                                                                        |______________________|_____________________
                                                                                                                     

INDEX

[45571] "The Daily Courier [Connellsville, Pennsylania], 20 November 1968," p. 27: "John William Pollins, 68, a well known attorney and civic leader, died in Greensburg's Westmoreland Hospital Tuesday. Pollins, of 319 South Pennsylvania Ave., Greensburg, had served as a director or officer o of many charitable organizations in the community at one time or another in his career. He was a general practitioner of law in Greensburg where he practiced with his brother, Calvin E., and his son, John W. Pollins III, the last our years. Pollins had been a director the Greensburg Library since 1938, and was president of the organization at the time it iacquired its new facilities from the Post Office Department. Born May 27, 1900, in Greensburg, he attended elementary schools in the city and graduated from Greensburg High School in 1919. He attended Geneva College and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he graduated with a bachelor of arts degree in 1923. He received his doctor of law degree from University of Michigan School in 1926, the year he was admitted to the Westmoreland County Bar. He was a member, congregational treasurer and an elder of the United Presbyterian Church for 20 years until joining the First Presbyterian Church in Greensburg five years ago. Pollins was a member of Greensburg Kiwanis Club for 40 years and a past president of the club. He was a member of the Greensburg School Board for 12 years had served as president of the Citizens Law Library in the courthouse for many years. At the time of his death he a director of the First Bank of Westmoreland, Greensburg, a position he had held since 1952. Survivors include his wife, Mrs. Lydia Jane Ramsey Pollins; two children, Mrs. Elizabeth Jane O'Leary of Fairlawn, N. J., and John W. III of Unity Township, six grandchildren, and one brother, Calvin E."

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Susan RITZMAN

[9853]

____ - ____

Father: John RITZMAN
Mother: Catherine STRAUSS


                                                                                                          _Conrad RITZMAN _____________
                                                                                                         |  m 1667                     
                                                                       _Johann RITZMAN __________________|_Ursala Barbara SCHNEIDER ___
                                                                      | (1668 - 1723) m 1693                                           
                                             _John Jacob RITZMAN _____|
                                            | (1708 - 1755) m 1734    |
                                            |                         |                                   _____________________________
                                            |                         |                                  |                             
                                            |                         |_Anna Barbara RENTZ ______________|_____________________________
                                            |                            m 1693                                                        
                       _Peter RITZMAN ______|
                      | (1735 - 1796) m 1757|
                      |                     |                                                             _____________________________
                      |                     |                                                            |                             
                      |                     |                          __________________________________|_____________________________
                      |                     |                         |                                                                
                      |                     |_Eva Margaretha KRIEGER _|
                      |                        m 1734                 |
                      |                                               |                                   _____________________________
                      |                                               |                                  |                             
                      |                                               |__________________________________|_____________________________
                      |                                                                                                                
 _John RITZMAN _______|
| (1772 - 1827) m 1796|
|                     |                                                                                   _____________________________
|                     |                                                                                  |                             
|                     |                                                __________________________________|_____________________________
|                     |                                               |                                                                
|                     |                      _Martin STUPP ___________|
|                     |                     | (.... - 1755)           |
|                     |                     |                         |                                   _____________________________
|                     |                     |                         |                                  |                             
|                     |                     |                         |__________________________________|_____________________________
|                     |                     |                                                                                          
|                     |_Christina STUPP ____|
|                        m 1757             |
|                                           |                                                             _____________________________
|                                           |                                                            |                             
|                                           |                          __________________________________|_____________________________
|                                           |                         |                                                                
|                                           |_Anna Catharina SCHULTZ _|
|                                                                     |
|                                                                     |                                   _____________________________
|                                                                     |                                  |                             
|                                                                     |__________________________________|_____________________________
|                                                                                                                                      
|
|--Susan RITZMAN 
|  
|                                                                                                         _Johann Georg STRAUSS _______+
|                                                                                                        |                             
|                                                                      _Johann Caspar STRAUSS ___________|_____________________________
|                                                                     | (1688 - 1754) m 1709                                           
|                                            _Albrecht STRAUSS _______|
|                                           | (1711 - 1787)           |
|                                           |                         |                                   _Lorentz LOESCH _____________
|                                           |                         |                                  | (1653 - 1707) m 1670        
|                                           |                         |_Maria Barbara LOSCH _____________|_Maria Barbara SAUTER _______
|                                           |                           (1685 - 1759) m 1709               (1651 - 1714)               
|                      _John Jacob STRAUSS _|
|                     | (1737 - 1780) m 1759|
|                     |                     |                                                             _Martin ZIRBE _______________
|                     |                     |                                                            | (.... - 1694)               
|                     |                     |                          _Johann Martin (Zirben or) ZERBE _|_____________________________
|                     |                     |                         | (1671 - ....) m 1697                                           
|                     |                     |_Maria Margaretta ZERBE _|
|                     |                       (1715 - 1787)           |
|                     |                                               |                                   _Johannes JUNGEL ____________
|                     |                                               |                                  |                             
|                     |                                               |_Anna Elizabeth JUNGEL ___________|_____________________________
|                     |                                                 (.... - 1750) m 1697                                           
|_Catherine STRAUSS __|
  (1778 - 1857) m 1796|
                      |                                                                                   _Hans Balthasar BRECHT ______+
                      |                                                                                  | (1636 - 1703) m 1658        
                      |                                                _Johannes Michael BRECHT _________|_Anna Margaretha CHRISTMANN _
                      |                                               | (1662 - 1719) m 1684               (1637 - ....)               
                      |                      _Johann Stephan BRECHT __|
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                      |                     |                         |                                   _Hans Jost HOFFMAN __________
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                      |                     |                         |_Anna Katharina HOFFMAN __________|_Christina FRANK ____________
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                      |_Elizabeth BRECHT ___|
                        (1738 - 1795) m 1759|
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                                            |_Anna Praxedis KRAEMER __|
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INDEX

[9853] living - details excluded

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Halfdan III of VESTFOLD

[3863]

____ - 860

Father: Gudrod of VESTFOLD

Family 1 : Thora, wife of Halfdan III of VESTFOLD
Family 2 : Ragnhild SIGURDSDATTER
  1. +Harald I "Hårfagre\Harfagri\Fairhair", King of NORWAY

                                                                                                          _Olaf I, King of VESTFOLD ____+
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                                                                                 _Halfdan I of VESTFOLD _|______________________________
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                                                       |                        |_Asa of TRONDHEIM ______|_Solveig HALFDANSDOTTIR ______
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                       _Halfdan II of VESTFOLD ________|
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 _Gudrod of VESTFOLD _|
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|                     |_Lifa, dau. of Dag of VESTMARE _|
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|--Halfdan III of VESTFOLD 
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INDEX

[3863]

Halfdan was ruler of southeastern Norway, and was called "The Black." He m. (1) Thora, dau. of Harald "Goldbeard", ruler of Sogn. His "seat" was at Stein in the district of Ringerike (in the eastern part of central Norway). http://www.medsca.org reports in 2002: Halvdan saga Svarte - This version of the saga is commonly known as «Heimskringla» and was written down by the scald Snorri Struluson of Iceland during the 1200's. Other versions of this story also exists, like those written down in the books known as «Fagrskinna», «Flateyjarboka» and «Ågrip», the last likely oldest and most accurate. The most significant difference between them, of any value today, is perhaps that Ågrip do not say anything about Halvdan's corps being divided, but merely state that his body was brought back to Stein and buried there. A theory we support as being the most likely.

HALVDAN FIGHTS WITH GANDALF AND SIGTRYGG. Halvdan was a year old when his father was killed, and his mother Åsa set off immediately with him westwards to Agder, and set herself there in the kingdom which her father Harald had possessed. Halvdan grew up there, and soon became stout and strong; and, by reason of his black hair, was called Halvdan the Black. When he was eighteen years old he took his kingdom in Agder, and went immediately to Vestfold, where he divided that kingdom, as before related, with his brother Olaf. The same autumn he went with an army to Vingulmark against King Gandalf. They had many battles, and sometimes one, sometimes the other gained the victory; but at last they agreed that Halvdan should have half of Vingulmark, as his father Gudrød had had it before. Then King Halvdan proceeded to Raumarike, and subdued it. King Sigtrygg, son of King Eystein, who then had his residence in Hedemark, and who had subdued Raumarike before, having heard of this, came out with his army against King Halvdan, and there was great battle, in which King Halvdan was victorious; and just as King Sigtrygg and his troops were turning about to fly, an arrow struck him under the left arm, and he fell dead. Halvdan then laid the whole of Raumarike under his power. King Eystein's second son, King Sigtrygg's brother, was also called Eystein, and was then king in Hedemark. As soon as Halvdan had returned to Vestfold, King Eystein went out with his army to Raumarike, and laid the whole country in subjection to him.

THE BATTLE BETWEEN HALVDAN AND EYSTEIN. When King Halvdan heard of these disturbances in Raumarike, he again gathered his army together; and went out against King Eystein. A battle took place between them, and Halvdan gained the victory, and Eystein fled up to Hedemark, pursued by Halvdan Another battle took place, in which Halvdan was again victorious; and Eystein fled northwards, up into the Dales to the herse Gudbrand. There he was strengthened with new people, and in winter he went towards Hedemark, and met Halvdan the Black upon a large island which lies in the Lake Mjøsa. There a great battle was fought, and many people on both sides were slain, but Halvdan won the victory. There fell Guthorm, the son of the herse Gudbrand, who was one of the finest men in the Uplands. Then Eystein fled north up the valley, and sent his relation Halvard Skalk to King Halvdan to beg for peace. On consideration of their relationship, King Halvdan gave King Eystein half of Hedemark which he and his relations had held before; but kept to himself Toten, and the district called Land. He likewise appropriated to himself Hadeland, and thus became a mighty king.

HALVDAN'S FIRST MARRIAGE. Halvdan the Black got a wife called Ragnhild (A), a daughter of Harald Gullskjegg (Goldbeard), who was a king in Sogn. They had a son, to whom Harald gave his own name; and the boy was brought up in Sogn, by his mother's father, King Harald. Now when this Harald had lived out his days nearly, and was become weak, having no son, he gave his dominions to his daughter's son Harald, and gave him his title of king; and he died soon after. The same winter his daughter Ragnhild died; and the following spring the young Harald fell sick and died at ten years of age. As soon as Halvdan the Black heard of his son's death, he took the road northwards to Sogn with a great force, and was well received. He claimed the heritage and dominion after his son; and no opposition being made, he took the whole kingdom. Earl Atle Mjove (the Slender), who was a friend of King Halvdan, came to him from Gaular; and the king set him over the Sogn district, to judge in the country according to the country's laws, and collect taxes upon the king's account. Thereafter King Halvdan proceeded to his kingdom in the Uplands.

Notes: (A) That Halvdan should have married two different Ragnhild's, by whom both gave birth to a son they named Harald, seem to us to be too much of a coincidence. We believe he only could have married one of them, probably the one of Ringerike, because he had the chieftain seat there. This is also where he is supposedly was mounded after drowning at Lake Rand. It is far from certain that Ragnhild was the name of Halvdan's wife. She can in fact have come from the farm Tingelstad at Gran in Hadeland, a theory supported by both fairytales and a huge burial mound present nearby the farm. This burial mound is known to be a Halvdan's mound, even though Heimskringla don't mention it. Nonetheless, this would in fact explain why Halvdan went over the ice of Lake Rand at Røykenvika, cause this is close to Tingelstad and well in the route between the Stein and Tingelstad farms. The mound present at Tingelstad, is though most likely a memorial mound.

HALVDAN'S STRIFE WITH GANDALF'S SONS. In autumn, King Halvdan proceeded to Vingulmark. One night when he was there in guest quarters, it happened that about midnight a man came to him who had been on the watch on horseback, and told him a war force was come near to the house. The king instantly got up, ordered his men to arm themselves, and went out of the house and drew them up in battle order. At the same moment, Gandalf's sons, Hysing and Helsing, made their appearance with a large army. There was a great battle; but Halvdan being overpowered by the numbers of people fled to the forest, leaving many of his men on this spot. His foster-father, Olver Spake (the Wise), fell here. The people now came in swarms to King Halvdan, and he advanced to seek Gandalf's sons. They met at Eid, near Lake Øyern, and fought there. Hysing and Helsing fell, and their brother Hake saved himself by flight. King Halvdan then took possession of the whole of Vingulmark, and Hake fled to Alfheimar.

HALVDAN'S MARRIAGE WITH SIGURD HJORT'S DAUGHTER. Sigurd Hjort was the name of a king in Ringerike, who was stouter and stronger than any other man, and his equal could not be seen for a handsome appearance. His father was Helge Kvasse (the Sharp); and his mother was Aslaug, a daughter of Sigurd Orm-i-Augo (the Snake-eyed), who again was a son of Ragnar Lodbrok (B). It is told of Sigurd that when he was only twelve years old he killed in single combat the berserk Hildebrand, and eleven others of his comrades; and many are the deeds of manhood told of him in a long saga about his feats. Sigurd had two children, one of whom was a daughter, called Ragnhild, then twenty years of age, and an excellent brisk girl. Her brother Guthorm was a youth. It is related in regard to Sigurd's death that he had a custom of riding out quite alone in the uninhabited forest to hunt the wild beasts that are hurtful to man, and he was always very eager at this sport. One day he rode out into the forest as usual, and when he had ridden a long way he came out at a piece of cleared land near to Hadeland. There the berserk Hake came against him with thirty men, and they fought. Sigurd Hjort fell there, after killing twelve of Hake's men; and Hake himself lost one hand, and had three other wounds. Then Hake and his men rode to Sigurd's house, where they took his daughter Ragnhild and her brother Guthorm, and carried them, with much property and valuable articles, home to Hadeland, where Hake had many great farms. He ordered a feast to be prepared, intending to hold his wedding with Ragnhild; but the time passed on account of his wounds, which healed slowly; and the berserk Hake of Hadeland had to keep his bed, on account of his wounds, all the autumn and beginning of winter. Now King Halvdan was in Hedemark at the Yule entertainments when he heard this news; and one morning early, when the king was dressed, he called to him Hårek Gand, and told him to go over to Hadeland, and bring him Ragnhild, Sigurd Hjort's daughter. Hårek got ready with a hundred men, and made his journey so that they came over the lake to Hake's house in the grey of the morning, and beset all the doors and stairs of the places where the house-servants slept. Then they broke into the sleeping-room where Hake slept, took Ragnhild, with her brother Guthorm, and all the goods that were there, and set fire to the house-servants' place, and burnt all the people in it. Then they covered over a magnificent waggon, placed Ragnhild and Guthorm in it, and drove down upon the ice. Hake got up and went after them a while; but when he came to the ice on the lake, he turned his sword-hilt to the ground and let himself fall upon the point, so that the sword went through him. He was buried under a mound on the banks of the lake. When King Halvdan, who was very quick of sight, saw the party returning over the frozen lake, and with a covered waggon, he knew that their errand was accomplished according to his desire. Thereupon he ordered the tables to be set out, and sent people all round in the neighbourhood to invite plenty of guests; and the same day there was a good feast which was also Halvdan's marriage-feast with Ragnhild, who became a great queen. Ragnhild's mother was Thyrne, a daughter of King Klakk-Harald of Jutland, and a (half?) sister of Thyra Danebod who was married to the Danish king, Gorm the Old, who then ruled over the Danish dominions.

Note: (B) Snorri is likely wrong! Ragnar Lodbrok could not have been the father of Sigurd the Snake-eyed, as he died in approximately 865 AD. Sigurd must have been born in about 780-790 AD to be a parent of Åslaug, who married Helge Kvasseand and were the parents of Sigurd Hjort. In fact we believe Sigurd the Snake-eyed must have been the son of Halvdan Milde and Mat-ille (the Gold-kind and Food-evil) and Liv Dagsdottir, but there is of course no proof of this.


RAGNHILD'S DREAM. Ragnhild, who was wise and intelligent, dreamt great dreams. She dreamt, for one, that she was standing out in her herb-garden, and she took a thorn out of her shift; but while she was holding the thorn in her hand it grew so that it became a great tree, one end of which struck itself down into the earth, and it became firmly rooted; and the other end of the tree raised itself so high in the air that she could scarcely see over it, and it became also wonderfully thick. The under part of the tree was red with blood, but the stem upwards was beautifully green and the branches white as snow. There were many and great limbs to the tree, some high up, others low down; and so vast were the tree's branches that they seemed to her to cover all Norway, and even much more.

HALVDAN'S DREAM. King Halvdan never had dreams, which appeared to him an extraordinary circumstance; and he told it to a man called Thorleif Spake (the Wise), and asked him what his advice was about it. Thorleif said that what he himself did, when he wanted to have any revelation by dream, was to take his sleep in a swine-sty, and then it never failed that he had dreams. The king did so, and the following dream was revealed to him. He thought he had the most beautiful hair, which was all in ringlets; some so long as to fall upon the ground, some reaching to the middle of his legs, some to his knees, some to his loins or the middle of his sides, some to his neck, and some were only as knots springing from his head. These ringlets were of various colours; but one ringlet surpassed all the others in beauty, lustre, and size. This dream he told to Thorleif, who interpreted it thus: -- There should be a great posterity from him, and his descendants should rule over countries with great, but not all with equally great, honour; but one of his race should be more celebrated than all the others. It was the opinion of people that this ringlet betokened King Olaf Digre, the latter St. Olaf. King Halvdan was a wise man, a man of truth and uprightness -- who made laws, observed them himself, and obliged others to observe them. And that violence should not come in place of the laws, he himself fixed the number of criminal acts in law, and the compensations, mulcts, or penalties, for each case, according to every one's birth and dignity (C). Queen Ragnhild gave birth to a son, and water was poured over him, and the name of Harald given him, and he soon grew stout and remarkably handsome. As he grew up he became very expert at all feats, and showed also a good understanding. He was much beloved by his mother, but less so by his father.

Notes: (C) The penalty, compensation, or manbod for every injury, due the party injured, or to his family and next of kin if the injury was the death or premeditated murder of the party, appears to have been fixed for every rank and condition, from the murder of the king down to the maiming or beating a man's cattle or his slave. A man for whom no compensation was due was a dishonored person, or an outlaw. It appears to have been optional with the injured party, or his kin if he had been killed, to take the mulct or compensation, or to refuse it, and wait for an opportunity of taking vengeance for the injury on the party who inflicted it, or on his kin. A part of each mulct or compensation was due to the king; and, these fines or penalties appear to have constituted a great proportion of the king's revenues, and to have been settled in the Things held in every district for administering the law with the lagman.

HALVDAN'S MEAT VANISHES AT A FEAST. King Halvdan was at a Yule-feast in Hadeland, where a wonderful thing happened one Yule evening. When the great number of guests assembled were going to sit down to table, all the meat and all the ale disappeared from the table. The king sat alone very confused in mind; all the others set off, each to his home, in consternation. That the king might come to some certainty about what had occasioned this event, he ordered a Fin to be seized who was particularly knowing, and tried to force him to disclose the truth; but however much he tortured the man, he got nothing out of him. The Fin sought help particularly from Harald, the king's son, and Harald begged for mercy for him, but in vain. Then Harald let him escape against the king's will, and accompanied the man himself. On their journey they came to a place where the man's chief had a great feast, and it appears they were well received there. When they had been there until spring, the chief said, "Thy father took it much amiss that in winter I took some provisions from him, -- now I will repay it to thee by a joyful piece of news: thy father is dead; and now thou shalt return home, and take possession of the whole kingdom which he had, and with it thou shalt lay the whole kingdom of Norway under thee".

HALVDAN'S DEATH. Halvdan the Black was driving from a feast in Hadeland, and it so happened that his road lay over the lake called Rand. It was in spring, and there was a great thaw. They drove across the bight called Røykenvika, where in winter there had been a pond broken in the ice for cattle to drink at, and where the dung had fallen upon the ice the thaw had eaten it into holes. Now as the king drove over it the ice broke, and King Halvdan and many with him perished. He was then forty years old. He had been one of the most fortunate kings in respect of good seasons. The people thought so much of him, that when his death was known and his body was floated to Ringerike to bury it there, the people of most consequence from Raumarike, Vestfold, and Hedemark (D) came to meet it. All desired to take the body with them to bury it in their own district, and they thought that those who got it would have good crops to expect. At last it was agreed to divide the body into four parts. The head was laid in a mound at Stein in Ringerike, and each of the others took his part home and laid it in a mound; and these have since been called Halvdan's Mounds.

Notes: (D) This is probably wrong, because one of the four mounds, known to be burial mounds of Halvdan Svarte, is located at Tingelstad of Gran in Hadeland. In fact, we have good reason to believe that Halvdan's entire body was buried at Stein in Ringerike. We believe that other mounds must be memorial mounds made in the memory of a great chieftain, which was not uncommon those days.

Also see http://san.beck.org/AB17-FeudalEurope.html.

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HTML created by GED2HTML v3.6a-WIN32 (May 17 2004) on Thursday, March 28, 2024 4:55:02 PM Eastern Standard Time [Unless attributed, data © 2024 by Albert E. Myers. Corrections and additions always welcome.]